χαλίφης

Greek

Borrowed.

Either a learned borrowing from Arabic خَلِيفَة‎ (ḵalīfa, “caliph”) (according to Andriotis[1]).
Or from Ottoman Turkish خلیفه‎ (halife), from Arabic خَلِيفَة‎ (ḵalīfa, “caliph”) (according to Babiniotis[2]). From the Arabic, also derived the Mediaeval Greek χαλιφᾶς (khaliphâs, “Muhammad's successor”) of the 11th century, with a later sense "Muslim political and religious leader".
Or a learned borrowing from Italian califfo or French calife (according to Petrounias[3]), stem [kalif-] + ending -ης, from Arabic خَلِيفَة‎ (ḵalīfa, “caliph”) with [k > x] under the influence of the Mediaeval χαλιφᾶς (khaliphâs).

χαλίφης • (chalífis) m (plural χαλίφηδες or χαλίφες)

Plural -ηδες, according to similar nouns borrowed from Turkish in the pattern of μανάβης (manávis), μπακάλης (bakális).

declension of χαλίφης

case \ number	singular	plural
nominative	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) •	χαλίφηδες •
genitive	χαλίφη •	χαλίφηδων •
accusative	χαλίφη •	χαλίφηδες •
vocative	χαλίφη •	χαλίφηδες •

declension of χαλίφης

case \ number	singular	plural
nominative	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) •	χαλίφες •
genitive	χαλίφη •	χαλιφών •
accusative	χαλίφη •	χαλίφες •
vocative	χαλίφη •	χαλίφες •

Andriotis, Nikolaos Pantelis (1983), “χαλίφης”, in Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Etymological Dictionary of Koine Neo-Hellenic] (in Greek), 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1951), Thessaloniki: Aristotelian University, the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation
Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), “χαλίφης”, in Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
χαλίφης - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
Georgios Babiniotis (2002), “χαλίφης”, in Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of the New Greek Language] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias, →ISBN.