ارتد

From the root ر د د‎ (r-d-d); compare رَدَّ‎ (radda, “to return”).

اِرْتَدَّ • (irtadda) VIII, non-past يَرْتَدُّ‎‎ (yartaddu) (intransitive)

1. to move back quickly or forcefully
   1. to bounce back; to recoil
2. (Islam, derogatory, of a convert) to revert عَن‎ (ʕan, “from”) orthodoxy إِلَى‎ (ʔilā, “to”) un-Islamic practices; to degenerate religiously; to regress; to backslide
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:217:

     ‏وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ ٱسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْآخِرَةِ‎

     walā yazālūna yuqātilūnakum ḥattā yaruddūkum ʕan dīnikum ʔini staṭāʕū waman yartadid minkum ʕan dīnihī fayamut wahuwa kāfirun fa-ʔulāʔika ḥabiṭat ʔaʕmāluhum fī d-dunyā wal-ʔāḵirati

     And they will yet fight you, that they may pull you back from your religion if they can. And who reverts from his religion and dies a nonbeliever, his deeds shall come to naught, in this life and the last!

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:54:

     ‏يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَن يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَن دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ‎

     yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū man yartadda minkum ʕan dīnihi fasawfa yaʔtī llāhu biqawmin yuḥibbuhum wayuḥibbūnahu

     O you who have believed! Whoever of you switches back from his religion, Allah shall bring another people whom He loves and who love Him [in his stead].

   1. (Islam, derogatory) to turn, drift, shift, or fall away عَن‎ (ʕan, “from”) Islam (especially openly or publicly), to leave or renounce Islam, to apostatize
3. (copulative) to become; to turn back

   Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:صار

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:96:

     ‏فَلَمَّا أَن جَاءَ الْبَشِيرُ أَلْقَاهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَٱرْتَدَّ بَصِيرًا‎

     falammā ʔan jāʔa l-bašīru ʔalqāhu ʕalā wajhihi fartadda baṣīran

     And when the bringer of glad tidings came to him, he threw it on his face, and he turned sighted.

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• اِرْتَدَّ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ‎ (irtadda ʕalā ʕaqibayhi, idiom)
• اِرْتَدَّ عَلَى دُبُرِهِ‎ (irtadda ʕalā duburihi, idiom)

• Lane, Edward William (1863), “ارتد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “ارتد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

اِرْتَدِ • (irtadi) (form VIII)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of اِرْتَدَى‎ (irtadā)