ارس
Brokskat
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs /ars/, “tear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔaɾs]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäɹs]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔäɹs]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔäɹs]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæɹs]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäɹs]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ars |
| Dari reading? | ars |
| Iranian reading? | ars |
| Tajik reading? | ars |
Etymology 2
From Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbwrs /aburs/), borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā, which has also been inherited as Middle Persian *abuhl, Persian وهل (vohl), ابل (abol), بل (bol), whence via Arabic ابهل (abhol, obhol). Also passed from two Turkic forms as اردج (ardej, “juniper”) and آرچه (ârča). With a suffix to first forms also in برسان (barsãn, bersân, “a kind of dark-coloured odoriferous syrup”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔuɾs], [ʔa.ɾis]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔuɹs], [ʔu.ɾus]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔoɹs]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔuɹs]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | urs, aris |
| Dari reading? | urs, irus |
| Iranian reading? | ors |
| Tajik reading? | urs |
Etymology 3
Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Raxsā- (“swift-flowing”), akin to Sanskrit रङ्घते (raṅghate, “to hasten, run”). Compare Old Armenian Երասխ (Erasx), Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs), Old Georgian რახსი (raxsi), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔa.ˈɾas]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæ.ɹǽs]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | aras |
| Dari reading? | aras |
| Iranian reading? | aras |
| Tajik reading? | aras |
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “ارس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), “ʾbwrs”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 15
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “ارس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Vullers, Johann August (1855), “ارس”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume I, Bonn: Adolf Marcus, page 79b