شديد

From the root ش د د‎ (š-d-d).

شَدِيد • (šadīd) (feminine شَدِيدَة‎ (šadīda), common plural شِدَاد‎ (šidād), masculine plural شَدِيدُونَ‎ (šadīdūna) or أَشِدَّاء‎ (ʔašiddāʔ), feminine plural شَدِيدَات‎ (šadīdāt) or شَدَائِد‎ (šadāʔid), elative أَشَدّ‎ (ʔašadd))

1. violent, strong, intense, severe, hard, difficult, acute, extreme
2. vigorous, powerful
3. persevering, firm
4. avaricious
5. thick, tight
6. oppressive
7. (phonetics) plosive
   • (Can we date this quote?), Sibawayh, “باب عدد الحروف العربية ومخارجها ومهموسها ومجهورها وأحوال مهموسها ومجهورها واختلافها”, in Al-Kitab:

     ‏وَمِنَ ٱلْحُرُوفِ ٱلشَّدِيدُ، وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي يَمْنَعُ ٱلصَّوْتَ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ ٱلْهَمْزَةُ وَٱلْقَافُ وَٱلْكَافُ وَٱلْجِيمُ وَٱلطَّاءُ وَٱلتَّاء وَٱلدَّالُ وَٱلْبَاءُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّكَ لَوْ قُلْتَ ”أَلْحَجْ“ ثُمَّ مَدَدْتَ صَوْتَكَ لَمْ يَجْرِ ذَلِكَ.‎‎

     wamina l-ḥurūfi š-šadīdu, wahuwa llaḏī yamnaʕu ṣ-ṣawta ʔan yajriya fīhi, wahuwa l-hamzatu wal-qāfu wal-kāfu wal-jīmu waṭ-ṭāʔu wat-tāʔ wad-dālu wal-bāʔu. waḏalika ʔannaka law qulta ”ʔalḥaj“ ṯumma madadta ṣawtaka lam yajri ḏalika.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Lua error: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• → Ottoman Turkish: شدید‎ (şedid)
  • Turkish: şedit
• → Persian: شدید‎ (šadid)

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “شديد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

• IPA^(key): /ʃadiːd/

شديد (šadīd)

1. very