غم
See also: عم
Arabic
Etymology
From the root غ م م (ḡ-m-m).
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /ɣam.ma/
Verb
غَمَّ • (ḡamma) I, non-past يَغُمُّ (yaḡummu)
- to cover, to veil, to shroud
- (passive voice) to be obscure, to be unapparent
- 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 13:6:
- فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدِرُوا ثَلَاثِينَ
- faʔin ḡumma ʕalaykum fāqdirū ṯalāṯīna
- If [the sky] is masked for you [by clouds], then calculate thirty days [for the month of Ramaḍān.
- to fill with grief, to grief, to chagrin
Conjugation
Conjugation of
غَمَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun غَمّ)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
غَمّ ḡamm | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
غَامّ ḡāmm | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَغْمُوم maḡmūm | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | غَمَمْتُ ḡamamtu |
غَمَمْتَ ḡamamta |
ḡamma |
غَمَمْتُمَا ḡamamtumā |
غَمَّا ḡammā |
غَمَمْنَا ḡamamnā |
غَمَمْتُمْ ḡamamtum |
غَمُّوا ḡammū | |||
| f | غَمَمْتِ ḡamamti |
غَمَّتْ ḡammat |
غَمَّتَا ḡammatā |
غَمَمْتُنَّ ḡamamtunna |
غَمَمْنَ ḡamamna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَغُمُّ ʔaḡummu |
تَغُمُّ taḡummu |
yaḡummu |
تَغُمَّانِ taḡummāni |
يَغُمَّانِ yaḡummāni |
naḡummu |
تَغُمُّونَ taḡummūna |
يَغُمُّونَ yaḡummūna | |||
| f | تَغُمِّينَ taḡummīna |
تَغُمُّ taḡummu |
تَغُمَّانِ taḡummāni |
تَغْمُمْنَ taḡmumna |
يَغْمُمْنَ yaḡmumna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَغُمَّ ʔaḡumma |
تَغُمَّ taḡumma |
yaḡumma |
تَغُمَّا taḡummā |
يَغُمَّا yaḡummā |
naḡumma |
تَغُمُّوا taḡummū |
يَغُمُّوا yaḡummū | |||
| f | تَغُمِّي taḡummī |
تَغُمَّ taḡumma |
تَغُمَّا taḡummā |
تَغْمُمْنَ taḡmumna |
يَغْمُمْنَ yaḡmumna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَغُمَّ or أَغُمِّ or أَغْمُمْ ʔaḡumma or ʔaḡummi or ʔaḡmum |
taḡumma or taḡummi or taḡmum |
yaḡumma or yaḡummi or yaḡmum |
تَغُمَّا taḡummā |
يَغُمَّا yaḡummā |
naḡumma or naḡummi or naḡmum |
تَغُمُّوا taḡummū |
يَغُمُّوا yaḡummū | |||
| f | تَغُمِّي taḡummī |
taḡumma or taḡummi or taḡmum |
تَغُمَّا taḡummā |
تَغْمُمْنَ taḡmumna |
يَغْمُمْنَ yaḡmumna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ḡumma or ḡummi or uḡmum |
غُمَّا ḡummā |
غُمُّوا ḡummū |
||||||||
| f | ḡummī |
اُغْمُمْنَ uḡmumna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | غُمِمْتُ ḡumimtu |
غُمِمْتَ ḡumimta |
ḡumma |
غُمِمْتُمَا ḡumimtumā |
غُمَّا ḡummā |
غُمِمْنَا ḡumimnā |
غُمِمْتُمْ ḡumimtum |
غُمُّوا ḡummū | |||
| f | غُمِمْتِ ḡumimti |
غُمَّتْ ḡummat |
غُمَّتَا ḡummatā |
غُمِمْتُنَّ ḡumimtunna |
غُمِمْنَ ḡumimna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُغَمُّ ʔuḡammu |
تُغَمُّ tuḡammu |
yuḡammu |
تُغَمَّانِ tuḡammāni |
يُغَمَّانِ yuḡammāni |
nuḡammu |
تُغَمُّونَ tuḡammūna |
يُغَمُّونَ yuḡammūna | |||
| f | تُغَمِّينَ tuḡammīna |
تُغَمُّ tuḡammu |
تُغَمَّانِ tuḡammāni |
تُغْمَمْنَ tuḡmamna |
يُغْمَمْنَ yuḡmamna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُغَمَّ ʔuḡamma |
تُغَمَّ tuḡamma |
yuḡamma |
تُغَمَّا tuḡammā |
يُغَمَّا yuḡammā |
nuḡamma |
تُغَمُّوا tuḡammū |
يُغَمُّوا yuḡammū | |||
| f | تُغَمِّي tuḡammī |
تُغَمَّ tuḡamma |
تُغَمَّا tuḡammā |
تُغْمَمْنَ tuḡmamna |
يُغْمَمْنَ yuḡmamna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُغَمَّ or أُغَمِّ or أُغْمَمْ ʔuḡamma or ʔuḡammi or ʔuḡmam |
tuḡamma or tuḡammi or tuḡmam |
yuḡamma or yuḡammi or yuḡmam |
تُغَمَّا tuḡammā |
يُغَمَّا yuḡammā |
nuḡamma or nuḡammi or nuḡmam |
تُغَمُّوا tuḡammū |
يُغَمُّوا yuḡammū | |||
| f | تُغَمِّي tuḡammī |
tuḡamma or tuḡammi or tuḡmam |
تُغَمَّا tuḡammā |
تُغْمَمْنَ tuḡmamna |
يُغْمَمْنَ yuḡmamna | |||||||
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /ɣamm/
Noun
غَمّ • (ḡamm) m (plural غُمُوم (ḡumūm))
- grief, sorrow, chagrin
- 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, section 65:=7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, section 37:
- وَتَدْنُو الشَّمْسُ، فَيَبْلُغُ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَالْكَرْبِ مَا لَا يُطِيقُونَ وَلَا يَحْتَمِلُونَ
- wa-tadnū š-šamsu, fa-yabluḡu n-nāsa mina al-ḡammi wa-l-karbi mā lā yuṭīqūna wa-lā yaḥtamilūna
- The sun will come so close to the people that they will suffer such distress and trouble as they will not be able to bear or stand.
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | غَمّ ḡamm |
الْغَمّ al-ḡamm |
غَمّ ḡamm |
| Nominative | غَمٌّ ḡammun |
الْغَمُّ al-ḡammu |
غَمُّ ḡammu |
| Accusative | غَمًّا ḡamman |
الْغَمَّ al-ḡamma |
غَمَّ ḡamma |
| Genitive | غَمٍّ ḡammin |
الْغَمِّ al-ḡammi |
غَمِّ ḡammi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | غَمَّيْن ḡammayn |
الْغَمَّيْن al-ḡammayn |
غَمَّيْ ḡammay |
| Nominative | غَمَّانِ ḡammāni |
الْغَمَّانِ al-ḡammāni |
غَمَّا ḡammā |
| Accusative | غَمَّيْنِ ḡammayni |
الْغَمَّيْنِ al-ḡammayni |
غَمَّيْ ḡammay |
| Genitive | غَمَّيْنِ ḡammayni |
الْغَمَّيْنِ al-ḡammayni |
غَمَّيْ ḡammay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | غُمُوم ḡumūm |
الْغُمُوم al-ḡumūm |
غُمُوم ḡumūm |
| Nominative | غُمُومٌ ḡumūmun |
الْغُمُومُ al-ḡumūmu |
غُمُومُ ḡumūmu |
| Accusative | غُمُومًا ḡumūman |
الْغُمُومَ al-ḡumūma |
غُمُومَ ḡumūma |
| Genitive | غُمُومٍ ḡumūmin |
الْغُمُومِ al-ḡumūmi |
غُمُومِ ḡumūmi |
Descendants
References
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “غم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 292–293
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “غم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2289
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “غم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 926
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɣam]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɣäm]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɣäm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɣäm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qæm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʁäm]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ğam |
| Dari reading? | ğam |
| Iranian reading? | ğam |
| Tajik reading? | ġam |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian غم (ğam), from Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɣəm/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -əm
Noun
غم • (ġam) m (Hindi spelling ग़म)
Synonyms
- دکھ (dukkh)
Derived terms
- غمگین (ġamgīn)
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