इष्टका

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
  • ᬇᬱ᭄ᬝᬓᬵ (Balinese script)
  • ইষ্টকা (Assamese script)
  • ইষ্টকা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰂𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰎𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀇𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀓𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • 𑌇𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌕𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ઇષ્ટકા (Gujarati script)
  • ਇਸ਼ੑਟਕਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • ꦆꦰ꧀ꦛꦏꦴ (Javanese script)
  • ឥឞ្ដកា (Khmer script)
  • ಇಷ್ಟಕಾ (Kannada script)
  • ອິຩ຺ຏກາ (Lao script)
  • ഇഷ്ടകാ (Malayalam script)
  • 𑘂𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘎𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᠢᢔᢌᠠᢉᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • ᡳᢢᢞᠠᡬᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • ဣၑ္ဋကာ (Burmese script)
  • 𑦢𑧌𑧠𑦸𑦮𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐂𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐎𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ଇଷ୍ଟକା (Odia script)
  • ꢄꢰ꣄ꢜꢒꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆅𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆑𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖂𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖎𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • ඉෂ‍්ටකා (Sinhalese script)
  • இஷ்டகா (Tamil script)
  • ఇష్టకా (Telugu script)
  • อิษฺฏกา (Thai script)
  • ཨི་ཥྚ་ཀཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒃𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒏𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *íṣṭakaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ištaH (“brick”), possibly from the BMAC substrate.[1][2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (ištiia, “brick”), Persian خشت‎ (xešt, “brick”).

Pronunciation

Noun

इष्टका • (íṣṭakā) stem, f [3]

  1. brick
  2. bakestone

Declension

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Descendants
Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Khowar: اݰٹو‎ (ušṭu)
      • → Phalura: اݜٹو‎ (iṣṭū́)
      • → Yazghulami: [script needed] (uštu), [script needed] (uštū)[4]
  • Pali: iṭṭhakā
  • Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭagā), 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭāgā)
    • Central:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Hindustani: ī̃ṭh, īṭ, ī̃ṭ, īṭā
          • Hindi: ईंठ, ईट, ईंट, ईटा
          • Urdu: اِیںٹھ‎ (ī̃ṭh), اِیٹ‎ (īṭ), اِیںٹ‎ (ī̃ṭ), اِیٹَہ‎ (īṭa)
    • Eastern:
      • Magadhi Prakrit:
        • Assamese: ইটা (ita)
        • Bengali: ইট (iṭ), ইঁট (ĩṭ)
        • Bihari: ईँट (ī̃ṭ), ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)
          • Bhojpuri: ईँटि (ī̃ṭi)
          • Maithili: ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)
        • Chakma: 𑄄𑄑𑄴 (iṭ), 𑄃𑄨𑄑𑄴 (iṭ)
        • Odia: ଇଟା (iṭa)
    • Northern:
      • Khasa Prakrit:
        • Central Pahari:
          • Garhwali: ईँट (ī̃ṭ)
        • Eastern Pahari:
    • Northwestern:
      • Paisaci Prakrit:
        • Punjabi: iṭṭ
          Gurmukhi script: ਇੱਟ
          Shahmukhi script: اِٹّ‎
          • Lahnda: اٹ‎ (iṭṭ)
        • Sindhi:
          • Kachchi: એટ્ટ (eṭṭ)
    • Southern:
      • Helu Prakrit:
      • Maharastri Prakrit:
        • Konkani: īṭ
          Devanagari script: ईट
          Latin script: itt
          Kannada script: ಈಟ್
        • Marathi: ईट (īṭ), वीट (vīṭ)
    • Western:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • → Dravidian:
  • → Thai:

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 4
  2. Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”
  3. Monier Williams (1899), “इष्टका”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/3.
  4. Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “'uštu”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page Í9Β
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