कूप

Sanskrit

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-European *kúHp-o-s, from *kuHp- (“water vessel; hollow”), from *kew- (“bend, curve”). Cognate with Latin cupa, Ancient Greek κύπη (kúpē, “gap, hollow”), κύπελλον (kúpellon), Old English hyf (whence English hive, qv).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kúː.pɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkuː.pɐ/

Noun

कूप • (kū́pa) stem, m

a well; a hole dug in the ground as a source of water
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.105.17:
  त्रितः कूपेऽवहितो देवान्हवत ऊतये।
  तच्छुश्राव बृहस्पतिः कृण्वन्नंहूरणादुरु वित्तं मे अस्य रोदसी॥
  tritaḥ kūpeʼvahito devānhavata ūtaye.
  tacchuśrāva bṛhaspatiḥ kṛṇvannaṃhūraṇāduru vittaṃ me asya rodasī.
  Tṛta, when buried in the well, calls on the Gods to succour him.
  That call of his Bṛhaspati heard and released him from distress. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.
hole, cavity
leather oil vessel
cave

Declension

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Derived terms

कूपक (kūpaka)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: kuí
Pali: kepa
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀬 (kūya)
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀧𑀬 (kuṃpaya)
- Central:
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀅 (kūvaa), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀕 (kūvaga)
    - Old Hindi: कुआ (kuā)
      - Hindi: कुँआ (kũā)
    - Romani: kūpă
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কুঁৱা (kũwa), কূপা (kupa)
    - Bengali: কুয়া (kuẏa), কুপ (kup), কুপী (kupi)
    - Odia: କୂପୀ (kupi)
- Southern:
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘮𑘰 (kuhā)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Lahnda: کپا‎ (kuppā)
      - Punjabi: khūh, kuppā, kuppī
        Gurmukhi script: ਖੂਹ, ਕੁੱਪਾ, ਕੁੱਪੀ
        
        Shahmukhi script: کھُہ‎, کُپَّا‎, کُپِّی‎
        
        Bihari: कुप्पा (kuppā), कुप्पी (kuppī)
        
        Gujarati: કુપ્પો (kuppo), કુપ્પો (kuppo)
        
        Hindustani: kuppā, kuppī
        Hindi: कुप्पा, कुप्पी
        
        Urdu: کُپَّا‎ (kuppā), کُپِّی‎ (kuppī)
        
        Marathi: कुप्पा (kuppā)
        
        Nepali: कुप्पा (kuppā), कुप्पि (kuppi)
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: kupo, kupiṛo
        Arabic script: ڪُپو‎, ڪُپِڙو‎
        
        Devanagari script: कुपो, कुपिड़ो
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Nepali: कुवा (kuwā)
- Southern:
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: kuppi
      Devanagari script: कुप्पि
      
      Kannada script: ಕುಪ್ಪಿ
      
      Latin script: kuppi
    - Marathi: कुपा (kupā), कुपी (kupī)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Old Gujarati:
      - Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo), કુંપો (kumpo), કુંપી (kumpī), કુપી (kupī)
      - Mewari: कूड़ो (kūṛo)
→ Telugu: కూపము (kūpamu)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kuː.pɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkuː.pɐ/

Noun

कूप • (kūpa) stem, m

mooring post, mast

Declension

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Derived terms

कूपक (kūpaka)

Descendants

Pali: kūpa, kūpaka
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀬 (kūvaya)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކުނބު‎ (kuᵐbu)
    - Sinhalese: කුඹ (kuᵐba)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “कूप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kupa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 176

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