पागल
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀕𑀮 (pāgala), from Sanskrit पागल (pāgala).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /pɑː.ɡəl/, [päː.ɡɐl]
- Rhymes: -əl
Declension
Derived terms
- पागलख़ाना (pāgalxānā)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “paggala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পাগল (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬵᬕᬮ (Balinese script)
- পাগল (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰯𑰐𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀸𑀕𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ပါဂလ (Burmese script)
- પાગલ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਾਗਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌾𑌗𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦴꦒꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂰𑂏𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಪಾಗಲ (Kannada script)
- បាគល (Khmer script)
- ປາຄລ (Lao script)
- പാഗല (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠ᠊ᠠᡤᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘰𑘐𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᢗᠺᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧑𑦰𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐵𑐐𑐮 (Newa script)
- ପାଗଲ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢵꢔꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆳𑆓𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖯𑖐𑖩 (Siddham script)
- පාගල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩛𑩞𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚭𑚌𑚥 (Takri script)
- பாக³ல (Tamil script)
- పాగల (Telugu script)
- ปาคล (Thai script)
- པཱ་ག་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒰𑒑𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨊𑨍𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Likely an innovation from New Indo-Aryan, with further origin uncertain. Perhaps from the same family of Prakrit words with "defective" connotations as Hindi पङ्गा (paṅgā, “crooked, deformed”), with the latter probably derived from a Munda word related to Santali [script needed] (pãk, “to bend”). See also वङ्कु (vaṅku, “going crookedly, bent; wandering, meandering”).
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of पागल (pāgala) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पागलः pāgalaḥ |
पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹ |
पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | पागल pāgala |
पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹ |
पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | पागलम् pāgalam |
पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹ |
पागलान् pāgalān |
| Instrumental | पागलेन pāgalena |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलैः / पागलेभिः¹ pāgalaiḥ / pāgalebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पागलाय pāgalāya |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पागलात् pāgalāt |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पागलस्य pāgalasya |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलानाम् pāgalānām |
| Locative | पागले pāgale |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलेषु pāgaleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of पागला (pāgalā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पागला pāgalā |
पागले pāgale |
पागलाः pāgalāḥ |
| Vocative | पागले pāgale |
पागले pāgale |
पागलाः pāgalāḥ |
| Accusative | पागलाम् pāgalām |
पागले pāgale |
पागलाः pāgalāḥ |
| Instrumental | पागलया / पागला¹ pāgalayā / pāgalā¹ |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलाभिः pāgalābhiḥ |
| Dative | पागलायै pāgalāyai |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलाभ्यः pāgalābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पागलायाः pāgalāyāḥ |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलाभ्यः pāgalābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पागलायाः pāgalāyāḥ |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलानाम् pāgalānām |
| Locative | पागलायाम् pāgalāyām |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलासु pāgalāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of पागल (pāgala) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पागलम् pāgalam |
पागले pāgale |
पागलानि / पागला¹ pāgalāni / pāgalā¹ |
| Vocative | पागल pāgala |
पागले pāgale |
पागलानि / पागला¹ pāgalāni / pāgalā¹ |
| Accusative | पागलम् pāgalam |
पागले pāgale |
पागलानि / पागला¹ pāgalāni / pāgalā¹ |
| Instrumental | पागलेन pāgalena |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलैः / पागलेभिः¹ pāgalaiḥ / pāgalebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पागलाय pāgalāya |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पागलात् pāgalāt |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पागलस्य pāgalasya |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलानाम् pāgalānām |
| Locative | पागले pāgale |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलेषु pāgaleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of पागल (pāgala) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पागलः pāgalaḥ |
पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹ |
पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | पागल pāgala |
पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹ |
पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | पागलम् pāgalam |
पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹ |
पागलान् pāgalān |
| Instrumental | पागलेन pāgalena |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलैः / पागलेभिः¹ pāgalaiḥ / pāgalebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पागलाय pāgalāya |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पागलात् pāgalāt |
पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām |
पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पागलस्य pāgalasya |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलानाम् pāgalānām |
| Locative | पागले pāgale |
पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ |
पागलेषु pāgaleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “पागल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 614/2, 1330/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “pahlava - para -”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 312
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 312
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “paggala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Otto von Böhtlingk (1855), “”, in Sanskrit-Wörterbuch: Part 4, page 625, column 1
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