पुरस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hás (“before, in front”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-ós, from *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”) prior, Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), Proto-Slavic *pьrvъ, and English first and fore.

Pronunciation

Adverb

पुरस् • (purás)

  1. in front
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 05.031.11:
      sū́raś cid rátham páritakmiyāyām
      pū́rvaṃ karad úparaṃ jūjuvā́ṃsam
      bhárac cakrám étaśaḥ sáṃ riṇāti
      puró dádhat saniṣyati krátuṃ naḥ
      The very chariot of the Sun, which is in front, at the decisive turning he will put behind, though it is speeding. Etaśa, the Sun’s horse, bore the wheel; he restores it. Putting the chariot in front, he will gain our intention.
  2. before
  3. towards or from the east

Preposition

पुरस् • (purás)

  1. before, in advance, forward
  2. (with genitive, locative or accusative) in the presence of, before the eyes

Derived terms
  • पुरःसद् (puraḥsád, “sitting in front, presiding”)
  • पुरःस्थात्रि (puraḥsthātri, “standing at the head, a leader”)
  • पुरःस्थित (puraḥsthita, “impending, imminent”)
  • पुरतस् (puratas, “before, in front of”)
  • पुरस्कार (puraskāra, “placing at front; preference; reward”)
  • पुरोहित (purohita, “placed in front, commissioned, appointed”)

Descendants
  • Ashokan Prakrit:
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: फुडे (phuḍe)
      • Old Marathi: पुढां (puḍhāṃ) ? (or from प्रथम (prathama))

References
  • Monier Williams (1899), “पुरस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 634/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 146-147
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