रक्षति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

ᬭᬓ᭄ᬱᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
ৰক্ষতি (Assamese script)
রক্ষতি (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
𑌰𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
રક્ષતિ (Gujarati script)
ਰਕੑਸ਼ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦫꦏ꧀ꦰꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
រក្ឞតិ (Khmer script)
ರಕ್ಷತಿ (Kannada script)
ຣກ຺ຩຕິ (Lao script)
രക്ഷതി (Malayalam script)
𑘨𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠷᠠᢉᢔᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
ᡵᠠᡬᢢᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
ရက္ၑတိ (Burmese script)
𑧈𑦮𑧠𑧌𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ରକ୍ଷତି (Odia script)
ꢬꢒ꣄ꢰꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
රක්‍ෂති (Sinhalese script)
ரக்ஷதி (Tamil script)
రక్షతి (Telugu script)
รกฺษติ (Thai script)
ར་ཀྵ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti (“to protect, to guard”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀλέξω (aléxō, “to guard, defend, help”), Old English ealgian (“to protect”), Middle Persian lškl (laškar) (whence Persian ‎ (laškar, “army”)).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́k.ʂɐ.ti/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɐk.ʂɐ.t̪i/

Verb

रक्षति • (rákṣati) third-singular present indicative (root रक्ष्, class 1, type P)

to protect, defend, guard
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.07:
  ayáṃ nidhíḥ sarame ádribudhno góbhir ášvebhir vásubhir niṛṣṭaḥ
  rákṣanti tám paṇáyo yé sugopā́ réku padám álakam ā́ jagantha
  Paved with the rock is this our treasure-chamber; filled full of precious things, of kine, and horses.
  These Paṇis who are watchful keepers guard it. In vain hast thou approached this lonely station.

Conjugation

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Imperfect: अरक्षत् (árakṣat), अरक्षत (árakṣata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अरक्षत् árakṣat	अरक्षताम् árakṣatām	अरक्षन् árakṣan	अरक्षत árakṣata	अरक्षेताम् árakṣetām	अरक्षन्त árakṣanta
Second	अरक्षः árakṣaḥ	अरक्षतम् árakṣatam	अरक्षत árakṣata	अरक्षथाः árakṣathāḥ	अरक्षेथाम् árakṣethām	अरक्षध्वम् árakṣadhvam
First	अरक्षम् árakṣam	अरक्षाव árakṣāva	अरक्षाम árakṣāma	अरक्षे árakṣe	अरक्षावहि árakṣāvahi	अरक्षामहि árakṣāmahi

Descendants

Pali: rakkhati
Prakrit: 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï) (see there for further descendants)
→ Tamil: இரட்சி (iraṭci), ரக்ஷி (rakṣi), லக்ஷி (lakṣi) (learned)
→ Telugu: రక్షించు (rakṣiñcu) (learned)

Further reading

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rákṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 611

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