ἄπειρος

See also: άπειρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, attempt”). Compare with Latin peritus.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.peː.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́πειρος • (ápeiros) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́πειρον); second declension

without trial or experience, not used to, ignorant of, unacquainted with
- Theognis of Megara, Elegies 1007
- Pindar, Isthmian Ode 8.154
- Herodotus, Histories 5.92.1
- Herodotus, Histories 8.1
- Herodotus, Histories 9.58
- Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 371
- Aeschylus, Fragments 281
- Sophocles, Antigone 1250
- Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 111.34
- Thucydides, 1 141
- Plato, Apology 26D
- Herodotus, 2 111
- Euripides, Medea 672
1. (absolute) inexperienced, ignorant
  - Pindar, Isthmian Ode 8.106

Inflection

Second declension of ᾰ̓́πειρος; ᾰ̓́πειρον (Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́πειρος ápeiros	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓́πειροι ápeiroi	ᾰ̓́πειρᾰ ápeira
Genitive	ᾰ̓πείρου apeírou	ᾰ̓πείρου apeírou	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείρων apeírōn	ᾰ̓πείρων apeírōn
Dative	ᾰ̓πείρῳ apeírōi	ᾰ̓πείρῳ apeírōi	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείροις apeírois	ᾰ̓πείροις apeírois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρους apeírous	ᾰ̓́πειρᾰ ápeira
Vocative	ᾰ̓́πειρε ápeire	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓́πειροι ápeiroi	ᾰ̓́πειρᾰ ápeira
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓πείρως apeírōs		ᾰ̓πειρότερος apeiróteros		ᾰ̓πειρότᾰτος apeirótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

ἀπείρητος (apeírētos)

Etymology 2

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ πεῖραρ (peîrar), πέρας (péras, “end, limit”).

Alternative forms

ᾰ̓πείρων (apeírōn)
ᾰ̓πειρέσῐος (apeirésios)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.peː.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́πειρος • (ápeiros) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́πειρον); second declension

boundless, unlimited, infinite
- Pindar, Fragments 95.8
- Pindar, Fragments 935
- Plato, Parmenides 144A
- Plato, The Republic 525A
- Plato, Laws 910B
- Aristotle, Physics 3.4.9
1. (in Tragedy, often of garments) in which one is entangled past escape, endless, without outlet
  - Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1382
  - Sophocles, Fragments 473
  - Euripides, Orestes 25
2. endless, circular
  - Aristotle, Physics 3.6.10

Inflection

Second declension of ᾰ̓́πειρος; ᾰ̓́πειρον (Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́πειρος ápeiros	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓́πειροι ápeiroi	ᾰ̓́πειρᾰ ápeira
Genitive	ᾰ̓πείρου apeírou	ᾰ̓πείρου apeírou	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείρων apeírōn	ᾰ̓πείρων apeírōn
Dative	ᾰ̓πείρῳ apeírōi	ᾰ̓πείρῳ apeírōi	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείροιν apeíroin	ᾰ̓πείροις apeírois	ᾰ̓πείροις apeírois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρους apeírous	ᾰ̓́πειρᾰ ápeira
Vocative	ᾰ̓́πειρε ápeire	ᾰ̓́πειρον ápeiron	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓πείρω apeírō	ᾰ̓́πειροι ápeiroi	ᾰ̓́πειρᾰ ápeira
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓πείρως apeírōs		ᾰ̓πειρότερος apeiróteros		ᾰ̓πειρότᾰτος apeirótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Greek: άπειρος (ápeiros), άπειρο (ápeiro)
English: apeiro-

Etymology 3

See ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎː.peː.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pi.ros/

Noun

ᾱ̓́πειρος • (ā́peiros) m (genitive ᾱ̓πείρου); second declension

Doric form of ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros)

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ᾱ̓́πειρος; τοῦ ᾱ̓πείρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾱ̓́πειρος ho ā́peiros	τὼ ᾱ̓πείρω tṑ āpeírō	οἱ ᾱ̓́πειροι hoi ā́peiroi
Genitive	τοῦ ᾱ̓πείρου toû āpeírou	τοῖν ᾱ̓πείροιν toîn āpeíroin	τῶν ᾱ̓πείρων tôn āpeírōn
Dative	τῷ ᾱ̓πείρῳ tôi āpeírōi	τοῖν ᾱ̓πείροιν toîn āpeíroin	τοῖς ᾱ̓πείροις toîs āpeírois
Accusative	τὸν ᾱ̓́πειρον tòn ā́peiron	τὼ ᾱ̓πείρω tṑ āpeírō	τοὺς ᾱ̓πείρους toùs āpeírous
Vocative	ᾱ̓́πειρε ā́peire	ᾱ̓πείρω āpeírō	ᾱ̓́πειροι ā́peiroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

“ἄπειρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄπειρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἄπειρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄπειρος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
“ἄπειρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G552 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- beginner idem, page 71.
- blind idem, page 83.
- boundless idem, page 91.
- clumsy idem, page 140.
- endless idem, page 273.
- ignorant idem, page 414.
- illimitable idem, page 416.
- immeasurable idem, page 417.
- incalculable idem, page 427.
- inexperienced idem, page 436.
- inextricable idem, page 436.
- infinite idem, page 438.
- interminable idem, page 451.
- limitless idem, page 492.
- measureless idem, page 521.
- new idem, page 556.
- novice idem, page 562.
- raw idem, page 674.
- recruit idem, page 684.
- rude idem, page 724.
- stranger idem, page 823.
- tyro idem, page 905.
- unaccustomed idem, page 906.
- unacquainted idem, page 906.
- unbounded idem, page 908.
- unending idem, page 916.
- unfamiliar idem, page 917.
- unfathomable idem, page 918.
- uninitiated idem, page 922.
- unknowing idem, page 923.
- unlimited idem, page 924.
- unmeasured idem, page 925.
- unpractised idem, page 927.
- unskilful idem, page 932.
- unskilled idem, page 932.
- untrained idem, page 935.
- untried idem, page 935.
- untutored idem, page 935.
- unused idem, page 935.
- unversed in idem, page 936.
ἄπειρος - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.

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