ἔφαγον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-, zero-grade of *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”) with a semantic shift “*I received a share” → “*I consumed” → “I ate”. Compare also βαγαῖος (bagaîos).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.pʰa.ɡon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.pʰa.ɡon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɸa.ɣon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/

Verb

ἔφᾰγον • (éphagon) first-singular present indicative

to eat, devour
1. to eat up, devour, squander

Inflection

No present tense, except for φᾰγεῖ (phageî) and φᾰγέοις (phagéois) in later Greek. Generally suppleted with ἐσθῐ́ω (esthíō) and ἔδω (édō). Also see τρώγω (trṓgō).

Lua error: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Aorist: φᾰ́γον, φᾰγόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φᾰ́γον	φᾰ́γες	φᾰ́γε(ν)	φᾰ́γετον	φᾰγέτην	φᾰ́γομεν	φᾰ́γετε	φᾰ́γον
	subjunctive	φᾰ́γω, φᾰ́γωμῐ	φᾰ́γῃς, φᾰ́γῃσθᾰ	φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γῃσῐ	φᾰ́γητον	φᾰ́γητον	φᾰ́γωμεν	φᾰ́γητε	φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φᾰ́γοιμῐ	φᾰ́γοις/φᾰ́γοισθᾰ	φᾰ́γοι	φᾰγεῖτον	φᾰγείτην	φᾰγεῖμεν	φᾰγεῖτε	φᾰγεῖεν
	imperative		φᾰ́γε	φᾰγέτω	φᾰ́γετον	φᾰγέτων		φᾰ́γετε	φᾰγόντων
middle	indicative	φᾰγόμην	φᾰ́γεο	φᾰ́γετο	φᾰ́γεσθον	φᾰγέσθην	φᾰγόμε(σ)θᾰ	φᾰ́γεσθε	φᾰ́γοντο
	subjunctive	φᾰ́γωμαι, φᾰγώμαιμῐ	φᾰ́γηαι, φᾰ́γηαι	φᾰ́γηται, φᾰγήταισῐ	φᾰ́γησθον	φᾰ́γησθον	φᾰγώμε(σ)θᾰ	φᾰ́γησθε	φᾰ́γωνται
	optative	φᾰγοίμην	φᾰ́γοιο	φᾰ́γοιτο	φᾰ́γοισθον	φᾰγοίσθην	φᾰγοίμε(σ)θᾰ	φᾰ́γοισθε	φᾰγοίᾰτο
	imperative		φᾰ́γεο	φᾰγέσθω	φᾰ́γεσθον	φᾰγέσθων		φᾰ́γεσθε	φᾰγέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		φᾰγεῖν/φᾰγέμεν(αι)			φᾰγέσθαι
participle	m	φᾰγών			φᾰγόμενος
	f	φᾰγοῦσᾰ			φᾰγομένη
	n	φᾰγόν			φᾰγόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: φᾰ́γομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	φᾰ́γομαι	φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γει	φᾰ́γεται	φᾰ́γεσθον	φᾰ́γεσθον	φᾰγόμεθᾰ	φᾰ́γεσθε	φᾰ́γονται
middle	optative	φᾰγοίμην	φᾰ́γοιο	φᾰ́γοιτο	φᾰ́γοισθον	φᾰγοίσθην	φᾰγοίμεθᾰ	φᾰ́γοισθε	φᾰ́γοιντο
					middle
infinitive					φᾰ́γεσθαι
participle	m				φᾰγόμενος
	f				φᾰγομένη
	n				φᾰγόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

-φαγίᾱ (-phagíā)
φᾰ́γαινᾰ (phágaina)
φᾰγᾶς (phagâs)
φᾰγέδαινᾰ (phagédaina)
φᾰγεσωρῖτῐς (phagesōrîtis)
φᾰγέσωρος (phagésōros)
φᾰ́γημᾰ (phágēma)
φᾰγήσῐᾰ (phagḗsia)
φᾰγολοίδορος (phagoloídoros)
φᾰ́γος (phágos)
-φᾰ́γος, -φᾰγος (-phágos, -phagos)
φᾰ́γων (phágōn)
φᾰγᾰ́νθρωπος (phagánthrōpos)
φᾰ́γῐλος (phágilos)

Descendants

→ English: phago-
Greek: έφαγα (éfaga) (perfective forms of τρώω (tróo))

References

“ἔφαγον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἔφαγον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἔφαγον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἔφαγον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G5315 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543

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