縱然

See also: 纵然

Chinese

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Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zòngrán

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung³ jin⁴
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng-liân / chhiòng-jiân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòngrán → zòngran (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ → ㄗㄨㄥˋ ˙ㄖㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòngrån
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴-jan⁵
  - Yale: dzùng-ran
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq.ran
  - Palladius: цзунжань (czunžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/ → /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ ʐän¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung³ jin⁴
  - Yale: jung yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³ jiːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng-liân
  - Tâi-lô: tshiòng-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiornglieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: tshiòng-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiorngjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ʑiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ʑiɛn¹³/

Conjunction

縱然

even if; even though

Synonyms

even (Hong Kong Cantonese)
不怕 (bùpà)
任憑／任凭 (rènpíng)
作哩 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
作算 (zo⁶ sonn⁴) (Xiang)
儘管／尽管
即令 (jílìng)
即使 (jíshǐ)
即便 (jíbiàn)
哪怕 (nǎpà) (informal)
就 (jiù)
就使 (Min Nan)
就算 (jiùsuàn) (colloquial)
就若 (Min Nan)
就若是 (Min Nan)
怕不 (pàbù) (literary or dialectal)
縱／纵 (formal)
縱使／纵使 (zòngshǐ)
設令／设令 (shèlìng)
饒／饶 (ráo) (colloquial)

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