'ar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

Old Tupi

Alternative forms
  • 'a (São Vicente)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaT (“to be born, to fall”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁaT (“to fall”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔaɾ/
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Hyphenation: 'ar

Verb

'ar (first-person singular active indicative a'ar, first-person singular negative active indicative na'ari, noun 'ara) (intransitive)

  1. (with suí) to be born
  2. to emerge; to come out
  3. to happen
  4. to fall
  5. to embark
  6. (with esé) to ascertain; to understand

Conjugation
    Conjugation of 'ar (intransitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative a'ar ere'ar o'ar oro'ar îa'ar pe'ar
Permissive ta'ar tere'ar to'ar toro'ar tîa'ar ta pe'ar
Imperative e'ar pe'ar
Negative indicative na'ari nere'ari no'ari noro'ari nîa'ari na pe'ari
Negative permissive ta'ar umẽ tere'ar umẽ to'ar umẽ toro'ar umẽ tîa'ar umẽ ta pe'ar umẽ
Negative imperative e'ar umẽ pe'ar umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative gûi'arabo e'arabo o'arabo oro'arabo îa'arabo pe'arabo
Negative gûi'are'yma e'are'yma o'are'yma oro'are'yma îa'are'yma pe'are'yma
Causative
Indicative amo'ar eremo'ar omo'ar oromo'ar îamo'ar pemo'ar
Permissive tamo'ar teremo'ar tomo'ar toromo'ar tîamo'ar ta pemo'ar
Imperative emo'ar pemo'ar
Negative indicative namo'ari neremo'ari nomo'ari noromo'ari nîamo'ari na pemo'ari
Negative permissive tamo'ar umẽ teremo'ar umẽ tomo'ar umẽ toromo'ar umẽ tîamo'ar umẽ ta pemo'ar umẽ
Negative imperative emo'ar umẽ pemo'ar umẽ
Causative-comitative
Indicative aro'ar erero'ar ogiero'ar orogiero'ar îaro'ar pero'ar
Permissive taro'ar terero'ar togiero'ar torogiero'ar tîaro'ar ta pero'ar
Imperative emo'ar pero'ar
Negative indicative naro'ari nerero'ari nogiero'ari norogiero'ari nîaro'ari na pero'ari
Negative permissive taro'ar umẽ terero'ar umẽ togiero'ar umẽ torogiero'ar umẽ tîaro'ar umẽ ta pero'ar umẽ
Negative imperative emo'ar umẽ pero'ar umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative 'ara
Negative 'are'yma
Causative-comitative
Affirmative xe rero'ara nde rero'ara sero'ara oré rero'ara îandé rero'ara pe rero'ara
Negative na xe rero'ari na nde rero'ari na sero'ari noré rero'ari nîandé rero'ari na pe rero'ari
Circumstantial
Affirmative xe 'ari i 'ari oré 'ari îandé 'ari
Negative xe 'are'ymi i 'are'ymi oré 'are'ymi îandé 'are'ymi

Derived terms
  • 'ara

Descendants
  • Nheengatu: wari

References
  1. Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
  2. Beatriz Carretta Corrêa da Silva (2010) Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, archived from the original on 2023-08-19
  3. Aryon d'Alligna Rodrigues (2007), “As consoantes do proto-tupí”, in Aryon d'Alligna Rodrigues; Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral, editors, Línguas e culturas tupí‎, volume 1, 1 edition, Campinas: Curt Nimuendajú, pages 167–204

Further reading

Yola

Determiner

'ar

  1. Alternative form of aar (“their”)
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:
      At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.
      That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.

References
  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 86
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