Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/cām-

This Proto-Dravidian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Dravidian

Noun

*cām-[1][2]

tortoise, turtle

Descendants

*yām-ay < cām-ay
- Southern:
  - Southern I:
    - Tulu: ಏಮೆ (ēme)
    - Tamil-Kannada:
      - Kodava: ಆಮೆ (āme)
      - Kannada: ಆಮೆ (āme), ಆವೆ (āve), ಏವೆ (ēve), ಏಮೆ (ēme)
      - Tamil-Malayalam:
        Tamil: யாமை (yāmai), ஆமை (āmai), ஆமையை (āmaiyai)
        
        Malayalam: ആമ (āma)
        
        Kurichiya: ഞാമ (ñāma)
- Southern II:
  - Gondi: యామోల్ (yāmōl)

*tām-p < cām-p
- Southern:
  - Southern I:
    - Kannada: ತಾಬೇಲು (tābēlu), ತಾಂಬೇಲು (tāmbēlu), ಆಲ್ವೆ (ālve)
  - Southern II:
    - Telugu: తాబేలు (tābēlu), తామేలు (tāmēlu)
    - Konda-Dora: తాంబెల్ (tāmbel)
    - Kuvi: ତାମ୍ବେଲି (tambeli)

*cām-
- Southern:
  - Southern I:
    - Kota (India): ஏம் (ēm), ஏம்ப் (ēmp)
  - Southern II:
    - Gondi: హేముల్ (hēmul), ఏముల్ (ēmul), సమెల్ (samel), హముల్ (hamul), హెమూల్ (hemūl), ఎమిలె (emile)
    - Pengo: ହାମଣ୍ (hamoṇ)
    - Kui (India): ସେମ୍ବି (sembi)
    - Kuvi: ହେମ୍ବି (hembi)

References

Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 531.
Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984) A Dravidian etymological dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 468.

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[1] Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 531.

[2] Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984) A Dravidian etymological dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 468.