< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic
Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/-(a)ru
 |
This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
|
This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works. |
Proto-Japonic
Etymology
In attested texts, this is attached to the form traditionally known as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs. Perhaps also existed in reconstructions such as *naru (“to be”), *maparu (“to spin”, intransitive), etc., which have causative pairs such as *nasu (“to make be”), *mapasu (“to spin”, transitive), etc., and they have either *-a- or *-ə- before *-r-/-s-, showing that the *-a-/*-ə- must have been part of this suffix.
Suffix
*-(a)ru
- Makes the passive voice.
Descendants
- Old Japanese: る (-(a)ru)
- Japanese: れる (-(a)reru)
- ⇒? Old Japanese: ゆ (-yu) (possibly via lenition (Vovin 2020, 745-755))
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *-(a)re-
- Northern Ryukyuan:
- Kikai: りゆい (-(a)riyui)
- Kunigami: りん (-(a)rin)
- Northern Amami-Oshima: るぃるり (-(a)rïruri)
- Okinawan: りゆん (-(a)riyun)
- Oki-No-Erabu: りゆん (-(a)riyun)
- Southern Amami-Oshima: りゆむっ (-(a)riyum)
- Toku-No-Shima: るぃ (-(a)rï)
- Yoron: りゅん (-(a)ryun)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
Further reading
- Vovin (2020, 755-758)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.