< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/čok

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *čōk

Etymology

Only Oghuz, Gagauz and Turkish point to a long vowel.[1]

Adjective

*čok

  1. many, very
    Antonym: *āŕ (“few, a little”)
  2. group, crowd
  3. (Oghuz, Siberian) vile, hooligan

Descendants
  • Oghuz: جُوقْ‎ (çōk, “vile, hooligan”)[2]
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen: çok
  • Karluk:
    • ⇒ Karakhanid: جُقْراماقْ‎ (çoqramaq, “to boil”)
  • Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • ⇒ Kazakh: шоғыр (şoğyr)
        • Nogai: [script needed] (šoq)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: чок (cok)
        • ⇒ Southern Altai: чогулар (čogular)
  • Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: [script needed] (šoɣ, “vile, hooligan”)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: [script needed] (sox, “vile, hooligan”)

References
  1. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*čok”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), volume III, 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 130, 280
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