bhꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bɛhɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: beha

Etymology 1

Ehret hypothesizes an origin in Proto-Afroasiatic *-bâh- (“to go secretively”) + *r;[1] as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking.

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to flee, to turn tail [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of bhꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bhꜣ, geminated stem: bhꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	bhꜣt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr bhꜣ	m bhꜣ	r bhꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	bhꜣ.n	consecutive	bhꜣ.jn
terminative	bhꜣt	consecutive	bhꜣ.jn
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	obligative¹	bhꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	obligative¹	bhꜣ.ḫr
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	potentialis¹	bhꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	potentialis¹	bhꜣ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	bhꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	bhꜣtj⁴, bhꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bhꜣ

bh

[New Kingdom]

[Theban royal tombs]

[Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

bhꜣw
sbhꜣ

Noun

m

fan, flabellum [19th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of bhꜣ (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	bhꜣwj
plural	bhꜣw

References

“bhꜣ (lemma ID 56700)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
“bhꜣ (lemma ID 56690)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 467.2, 467.8, 467
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 83

Ehret, Christopher (1995) Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, Tone, Consonants, and Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics; 126)‎, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, →ISBN.

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[1] Ehret, Christopher (1995) Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, Tone, Consonants, and Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics; 126)‎, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, →ISBN.