cobrar
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cuperāre (“take, seize”), a back-formation from Latin recuperāre (“recover, regain”), whence Catalan recobrar. Doublet of recuperar, a borrowing from Latin.
Pronunciation
Verb
cobrar (first-person singular present cobro, first-person singular preterite cobrí, past participle cobrat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /ɔ/
Conjugation
| infinitive | cobrar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cobrant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | cobrat | cobrada | |||||
| plural | cobrats | cobrades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | cobro | cobres | cobra | cobrem | cobreu | cobren | |
| imperfect | cobrava | cobraves | cobrava | cobràvem | cobràveu | cobraven | |
| future | cobraré | cobraràs | cobrarà | cobrarem | cobrareu | cobraran | |
| preterite | cobrí | cobrares | cobrà | cobràrem | cobràreu | cobraren | |
| conditional | cobraria | cobraries | cobraria | cobraríem | cobraríeu | cobrarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | cobri | cobris | cobri | cobrem | cobreu | cobrin | |
| imperfect | cobrés | cobressis | cobrés | cobréssim | cobréssiu | cobressin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| affirmative | — | cobra | cobri | cobrem | cobreu | cobrin | |
| negative (no) | — | no cobris | no cobri | no cobrem | no cobreu | no cobrin | |
Related terms
References
- “cobrar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “cobrar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “cobrar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “cobrar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese cobrar, from Vulgar Latin *cuperāre (“take, seize”), rebracketing from Latin recuperāre (“recover, regain”), whence Galician recobrar. Doublet of recuperar, a borrowing from Latin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [koˈβɾaɾ]
Verb
cobrar (first-person singular present cobro, first-person singular preterite cobrei, past participle cobrado)
- (transitive, archaic) to recover, regain
- (transitive, archaic) to earn, win
- (transitive) to charge (ask for a certain amount of money for something)
- (transitive) to collect, receive (payment)
- (nautical, transitive) to haul
- Synonym: halar
- (figuratively) to have what one's deserve (what goes around comes around)
- Para, nena, que vas cobrar! ― Stop it, child, or you'll have what you are asking for
Conjugation
1Less recommended.
References
- “cobrar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “cobrar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “cobrar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “cobrar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
- “cobrar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cobrar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “cobrar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cuperāre (“take, seize”), a back-formation from Latin recuperāre (“recover, regain”), whence recobrar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ko.ˈbɾaɾ/
- Rhymes: -aɾ
Verb
cobrar
- to recover; to regain
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 3 (facsimile):
- Eſta é de como ſanta maria fez cobrar a Theophilo a carta que fezera cono demo u ſe tornou ſeu vaſſalo.
- This one is (about) how Holy Mary recovered for Theophilos the contract he had made with the Devil and became his vassal.
- Eſta é de como ſanta maria fez cobrar a Theophilo a carta que fezera cono demo u ſe tornou ſeu vaſſalo.
Conjugation
Note: Forms marked with an asterisk (*), if any, are unattested forms that are presumed to have existed verbally and were conjugated according to the Old Galician-Portuguese conjugation system. | |||||||||
| infinitive | cobrar | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cobrando | ||||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
| masculine | cobrado | cobrada | |||||||
| feminine | cobrados | cobradas | |||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | cobro | cobras | cobra | cobramos | cobrades | cobram1, cobran2 | ||
| imperfect | cobrava | cobravas | cobrava | cobravamos | cobravades | cobravam1, cobravan2 | |||
| preterite | cobrei | cobraste1, cobrasche2 | cobrou | cobramos | cobrastes | cobrarom1, cobraron2 | |||
| pluperfect | cobrara | cobraras | cobrara | cobraramos | cobrarades | cobraram1, cobraran2 | |||
| future | cobrarei | cobrarás | cobrará | cobraremos | cobraredes | cobrarám1, cobrarán2 | |||
| conditional | cobraría | cobrarías | cobraría | cobrariamos | cobrariades | cobraríam1, cobrarían2 | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | |||||||
| present imperfect | imperfect of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| past anterior | preterite of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| subjunctive mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | cobre | cobres | cobre | cobremos | cobredes | cobrem1, cobren2 | ||
| preterite | cobrasse | cobrasses | cobrasse | cobrassemos | cobrassedes | cobrassem1, cobrassen2 | |||
| future | cobrar | cobrares | cobrar | cobrarmos | cobrardes | cobrarem1, cobraren2 | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| perfect future | future subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
| imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
— | |||
| affirmative | — | cobra | cobre | cobremos | cobrade | — | |||
| negative | — | nunca non cobres | nunca non cobre | nunca non cobremos | nunca non cobredes | — | |||
| personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
| cobrar | cobrares | cobrar | cobrarmos | cobrardes | cobrarem1, cobraren2 | ||||
|
1 Less common in Galicia 2 Less common in Portugal 3 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 4 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". | |||||||||
Further reading
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese cobrar, from Vulgar Latin *cuperāre (“take, seize”), a back-formation from Latin recuperāre (“recover, regain”), whence Portuguese recobrar. Doublet of recuperar, a borrowing from Latin.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /koˈbɾa(ʁ)/ [koˈbɾa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /koˈbɾa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /koˈbɾa(ʁ)/ [koˈbɾa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /koˈbɾa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /kuˈbɾaɾ/ [kuˈβɾaɾ]
- Hyphenation: co‧brar
Verb
cobrar (first-person singular present cobro, first-person singular preterite cobrei, past participle cobrado)
Conjugation
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cuperāre (“take, seize”), a back-formation from Latin recuperāre (“recover, regain”), whence Spanish recobrar. Doublet of recuperar, a borrowing from Latin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /koˈbɾaɾ/ [koˈβ̞ɾaɾ]
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: co‧brar
Verb
cobrar (first-person singular present cobro, first-person singular preterite cobré, past participle cobrado)
Conjugation
| infinitive | cobrar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cobrando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | cobrado | cobrada | |||||
| plural | cobrados | cobradas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cobro | cobrastú cobrásvos |
cobra | cobramos | cobráis | cobran | |
| imperfect | cobraba | cobrabas | cobraba | cobrábamos | cobrabais | cobraban | |
| preterite | cobré | cobraste | cobró | cobramos | cobrasteis | cobraron | |
| future | cobraré | cobrarás | cobrará | cobraremos | cobraréis | cobrarán | |
| conditional | cobraría | cobrarías | cobraría | cobraríamos | cobraríais | cobrarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cobre | cobrestú cobrésvos2 |
cobre | cobremos | cobréis | cobren | |
| imperfect (ra) |
cobrara | cobraras | cobrara | cobráramos | cobrarais | cobraran | |
| imperfect (se) |
cobrase | cobrases | cobrase | cobrásemos | cobraseis | cobrasen | |
| future1 | cobrare | cobrares | cobrare | cobráremos | cobrareis | cobraren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | cobratú cobrávos |
cobre | cobremos | cobrad | cobren | ||
| negative | no cobres | no cobre | no cobremos | no cobréis | no cobren | ||
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive cobrar | |||||||
| dative | cobrarme | cobrarte | cobrarle, cobrarse | cobrarnos | cobraros | cobrarles, cobrarse | |
| accusative | cobrarme | cobrarte | cobrarlo, cobrarla, cobrarse | cobrarnos | cobraros | cobrarlos, cobrarlas, cobrarse | |
| with gerund cobrando | |||||||
| dative | cobrándome | cobrándote | cobrándole, cobrándose | cobrándonos | cobrándoos | cobrándoles, cobrándose | |
| accusative | cobrándome | cobrándote | cobrándolo, cobrándola, cobrándose | cobrándonos | cobrándoos | cobrándolos, cobrándolas, cobrándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative cobra | |||||||
| dative | cóbrame | cóbrate | cóbrale | cóbranos | not used | cóbrales | |
| accusative | cóbrame | cóbrate | cóbralo, cóbrala | cóbranos | not used | cóbralos, cóbralas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative cobrá | |||||||
| dative | cobrame | cobrate | cobrale | cobranos | not used | cobrales | |
| accusative | cobrame | cobrate | cobralo, cobrala | cobranos | not used | cobralos, cobralas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative cobre | |||||||
| dative | cóbreme | not used | cóbrele, cóbrese | cóbrenos | not used | cóbreles | |
| accusative | cóbreme | not used | cóbrelo, cóbrela, cóbrese | cóbrenos | not used | cóbrelos, cóbrelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative cobremos | |||||||
| dative | not used | cobrémoste | cobrémosle | cobrémonos | cobrémoos | cobrémosles | |
| accusative | not used | cobrémoste | cobrémoslo, cobrémosla | cobrémonos | cobrémoos | cobrémoslos, cobrémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative cobrad | |||||||
| dative | cobradme | not used | cobradle | cobradnos | cobraos | cobradles | |
| accusative | cobradme | not used | cobradlo, cobradla | cobradnos | cobraos | cobradlos, cobradlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative cobren | |||||||
| dative | cóbrenme | not used | cóbrenle | cóbrennos | not used | cóbrenles, cóbrense | |
| accusative | cóbrenme | not used | cóbrenlo, cóbrenla | cóbrennos | not used | cóbrenlos, cóbrenlas, cóbrense | |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “cobrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014