draen

See also: Draen and dræn

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈdʁɛːn/

Noun

draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)

  1. (botany) thorn
  2. fishbone
  3. point, tip (of sharp object)
  4. (by extension, of arms) détente
  5. (by extension, of horse) withers
  6. (figurative) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty

Mutation
  Mutation of draen  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutatedsoftaspiratehard
singular draen zraen unchanged traen
plural drein zrein unchanged trein

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104

Irish

Noun

draen m (genitive singular draein, nominative plural draenta)

  1. Alternative form of draein (“drain”)

Declension
Declension of draen

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative draen draenta
Vocative a dhraein a dhraenta
Genitive draein draenta
Dative draen draenta

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an draen na draenta
Genitive an draein na ndraenta
Dative leis an draen

don draen

 leis na draenta

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
draen dhraen ndraen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną, akin to Old Saxon thrāian, Old English þrāwan.

Verb

drāen

  1. to twist
  2. to turn

Conjugation
Conjugation of draen (weak class 1)
infinitive draen
indicative present past
1st person singular drau drata
2nd person singular drais, draist dratos
3rd person singular drait drata
1st person plural draem, draemēs dratum, dratumēs
2nd person plural draet dratut
3rd person plural draent dratun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular drae drati
2nd person singular draēs, draēst dratīs, dratīst
3rd person singular drae drati
1st person plural draēm, draēn, draemēs dratīm, dratīn, dratīmēs
2nd person plural draēt dratīt
3rd person plural draēn dratīn
imperative present
singular drai
plural draet
participle present past
draenti gidrat

Descendants
  • Middle High German: dræjen, dræn

Welsh

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]

Noun

draen f or f pl (plural drain or draenennau, singulative draenen)

  1. (collective) thorns, prickles
  2. (collective) hawthorns, briars, brambles
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From English drain.

Noun

draen f (plural draeniau or dreiniau)

  1. drain

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
draen ddraen nraen unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “draen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104
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