estudier
Middle French
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value).
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estudier
| infinitive | simple | estudier | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | estudiant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | estudié | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estudie | estudies | estudie | estudions | estudiez | estudient |
| imperfect | estudiois, estudioys | estudiois, estudioys | estudioit, estudioyt | estudiions, estudiyons | estudiiez, estudiyez | estudioient, estudioyent | |
| past historic | estudia | estudias | estudia | estudiasmes | estudiastes | estudierent | |
| future | estudierai, estudieray | estudieras | estudiera | estudierons | estudierez | estudieront | |
| conditional | estudierois, estudieroys | estudierois, estudieroys | estudieroit, estudieroyt | estudierions, estudieryons | estudieriez, estudieryez | estudieroient, estudieroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estudie | estudies | estudie | estudions | estudiez | estudient |
| imperfect | estudiasse | estudiasses | estudiast | estudiassions | estudiassiez | estudiassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | estudie | — | estudions | estudiez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Old French
Conjugation
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
Descendants
- Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “studium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 12: Sk–š, page 312
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