irradiate

Latin irradiatus, past participle of irradiare, from in- + radius.

• (verb) IPA^(key): /ɪˈɹeɪdieɪt/

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• (adjective) IPA^(key): /ɪˈɹeɪdiət/

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irradiate (third-person singular simple present irradiates, present participle irradiating, simple past and past participle irradiated)

1. (transitive, literary, poetic) To illuminate; to brighten; to shine light on.
   • c. late 18th century Sir W. Jones, Hymn to Lachsmi

     Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields.

   • 1879, Jami, “Sáláman and Absál. Preliminary Invocation.”, in [Edward FitzGerald], transl., Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, the Astronomer-Poet of Persia; and The Salámán and Ábsál of Jámí; […], 4th edition, London: Bernard Quaritch; […], →OCLC, page 51:

     Oh Thou, whose Spirit through this universe / In which Thou dost involve thyself diffused, / Shall so perchance irradiate human clay / That men, suddenly dazzled, lose themselves / In ecstacy^{[sic – meaning ecstasy]} before a mortal shrine / Whose Light is but a Shade of the Divine; […]

2. (transitive, literary, poetic) To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate.

   This book might irradiate your mind

   • a. 1740, Bishop George Bull, A discourse concerning the spirit of God in the faithful:

     And indeed we ought, in these happy intervals, when our understandings are thus irradiated and enlightened, to make a judgment of the state and condition of our souls in the sight of God […]

   • 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVI, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 227:

     Nevertheless, she seemed to him so new to life, so truly a child—a reason, doubtless, more urgent to uphold and lend her his protection: the ray of humanity irradiating her features—the exclamation that burst from her, upon his first arousing from the torpor of insensibility, whilst extended in his narrow hammock on ship-board, had ever since left impressions of gratitude on his memory.

3. (transitive, literary, poetic) To animate by heat or light.
   • a. 1676 (written, first published in 1817) , Matthew Hale, A letter of advice to his grandchildren, Matthew, Gabriel, Anne, Mary, and Frances Hale.

     you may subdue and conquer the temperament of your nature, to do all things well-pleasing to him, and that may irradiate and strengthen your souls

4. (transitive, literary, poetic) To radiate, shed, or diffuse.
   • 1876–1877, Henry James, Jr., chapter III, in The American, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, […], published 5 May 1877, →OCLC, pages 56–57:

     [H]is ideal of grandeur was a splendid façade, diffusing its brilliancy outward too, irradiating hospitality.

5. (transitive, literary, poetic) To decorate with shining ornaments.
6. (intransitive) To emit rays; to shine.
7. (sciences) To apply radiation to.
   1. (medicine) To treat (a tumour or cancerous growth) with radiation.
   2. (transitive) To treat (food) with ionizing radiation in order to destroy bacteria.

• X-irradiate

irradiate

1. Illuminated; irradiated; made brilliant or splendid.
   • 1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:

     The co-existent Flame
     Knew the Destroyer; it encircled him,
     Roll’d up his robe, and gathered round his head,
     Condensing to intenser splendour there,
     His Crown of Glory, and his Light of Life,
     Hovered the irradiate wreath.

• irradiance
• irradiancy
• irradiant
• irradiation
• irradiative

• “irradiate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “irradiate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

irradiate

1. inflection of irradiare:
   1. second-person plural present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person plural imperative

irradiate f pl

1. feminine plural of irradiato

• arridiate, idraterai, reidratai, riardiate

irradiate

1. second-person singular voseo imperative of irradiar combined with te