kumma

Bavarian

Alternative forms
  • kemma (West Central Bavarian)
  • kemman (South Bavarian, Tyrol)
  • kèmmin (South Bavarian, Sappada)
  • khemen (South Bavarian, Sauris)
  • kumman (East Central Bavarian, Vienna)

Etymology

From Old High German kuman, chuman, from Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Cognate with German kommen, Low German kamen, Dutch komen, English come, Danish komme.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkumɐ/
  • Hyphenation: kum‧ma

Verb

kumma (past participle kumma) (East Central Bavarian, Vienna, Southern Bavarian, Carinthia)

  1. to come
    Heid is neamd kumma. ― Nobody has come today.
    Mia kamadn iwamuagn in da Fruah. ― We would come the day after tomorrow in the morning.

Conjugation
Conjugation of kumma
infinitive kumma
present tense past tense subjunctive
1st person sing. kumm - kamad
2nd person sing. kummst - kamast
3rd person sing. kummt - kamad
1st person plur. kumma - kamadn
2nd person plur. kummts - kamats
3rd person plur. kumma - kamadn
imperative sing. kumm
imperative plur. kummts
past participle kumma

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumma, possibly from Proto-Uralic *kumma (“shady”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umːɑ
  • Syllabification(key): kum‧ma

Adjective

kumma (comparative kummempi, superlative kummin)

  1. odd, strange
    Onpa kumma, että...
    How strange that ...
  2. (chiefly in the negative, chiefly in comparative) nasty, severe
    Onpa hyvä, että mitään kummempaa ei sattunut!
    How good that nothing more severe happened!
  3. on earth, in the world, the dickens (used as non-profane intensifier with an interrogative pronoun)
    Mitä kummaa täällä on tapahtunut?
    What on earth has taken place here?

Usage notes
  • The comparative and superlative are seldom used. They are usually substituted with corresponding forms of the synonymous adjective kummallinen.

Declension
Inflection of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative kumma kummat
genitive kumman kummien
partitive kummaa kummia
illative kummaan kummiin
singular plural
nominative kumma kummat
accusative nom. kumma kummat
gen. kumman
genitive kumman kummien
kummainrare
partitive kummaa kummia
inessive kummassa kummissa
elative kummasta kummista
illative kummaan kummiin
adessive kummalla kummilla
ablative kummalta kummilta
allative kummalle kummille
essive kummana kummina
translative kummaksi kummiksi
abessive kummatta kummitta
instructive — kummin
comitative — kummine
Possessive forms of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kummani kummani
accusative nom. kummani kummani
gen. kummani
genitive kummani kummieni
kummainirare
partitive kummaani kummiani
inessive kummassani kummissani
elative kummastani kummistani
illative kummaani kummiini
adessive kummallani kummillani
ablative kummaltani kummiltani
allative kummalleni kummilleni
essive kummanani kumminani
translative kummakseni kummikseni
abessive kummattani kummittani
instructive — —
comitative — kummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kummasi kummasi
accusative nom. kummasi kummasi
gen. kummasi
genitive kummasi kummiesi
kummaisirare
partitive kummaasi kummiasi
inessive kummassasi kummissasi
elative kummastasi kummistasi
illative kummaasi kummiisi
adessive kummallasi kummillasi
ablative kummaltasi kummiltasi
allative kummallesi kummillesi
essive kummanasi kumminasi
translative kummaksesi kummiksesi
abessive kummattasi kummittasi
instructive — —
comitative — kumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kummamme kummamme
accusative nom. kummamme kummamme
gen. kummamme
genitive kummamme kummiemme
kummaimmerare
partitive kummaamme kummiamme
inessive kummassamme kummissamme
elative kummastamme kummistamme
illative kummaamme kummiimme
adessive kummallamme kummillamme
ablative kummaltamme kummiltamme
allative kummallemme kummillemme
essive kummanamme kumminamme
translative kummaksemme kummiksemme
abessive kummattamme kummittamme
instructive — —
comitative — kumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kummanne kummanne
accusative nom. kummanne kummanne
gen. kummanne
genitive kummanne kummienne
kummainnerare
partitive kummaanne kummianne
inessive kummassanne kummissanne
elative kummastanne kummistanne
illative kummaanne kummiinne
adessive kummallanne kummillanne
ablative kummaltanne kummiltanne
allative kummallenne kummillenne
essive kummananne kumminanne
translative kummaksenne kummiksenne
abessive kummattanne kummittanne
instructive — —
comitative — kumminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative kummansa kummansa
accusative nom. kummansa kummansa
gen. kummansa
genitive kummansa kummiensa
kummainsarare
partitive kummaansa kummiaan
kummiansa
inessive kummassaan
kummassansa		 kummissaan
kummissansa
elative kummastaan
kummastansa		 kummistaan
kummistansa
illative kummaansa kummiinsa
adessive kummallaan
kummallansa		 kummillaan
kummillansa
ablative kummaltaan
kummaltansa		 kummiltaan
kummiltansa
allative kummalleen
kummallensa		 kummilleen
kummillensa
essive kummanaan
kummanansa		 kumminaan
kumminansa
translative kummakseen
kummaksensa		 kummikseen
kummiksensa
abessive kummattaan
kummattansa		 kummittaan
kummittansa
instructive — —
comitative — kummineen
kumminensa

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also
  • kumpi (similar inflected forms)

Noun

kumma

  1. strange or odd thing

Declension
Inflection of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative kumma kummat
genitive kumman kummien
partitive kummaa kummia
illative kummaan kummiin
singular plural
nominative kumma kummat
accusative nom. kumma kummat
gen. kumman
genitive kumman kummien
kummainrare
partitive kummaa kummia
inessive kummassa kummissa
elative kummasta kummista
illative kummaan kummiin
adessive kummalla kummilla
ablative kummalta kummilta
allative kummalle kummille
essive kummana kummina
translative kummaksi kummiksi
abessive kummatta kummitta
instructive — kummin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kummani kummani
accusative nom. kummani kummani
gen. kummani
genitive kummani kummieni
kummainirare
partitive kummaani kummiani
inessive kummassani kummissani
elative kummastani kummistani
illative kummaani kummiini
adessive kummallani kummillani
ablative kummaltani kummiltani
allative kummalleni kummilleni
essive kummanani kumminani
translative kummakseni kummikseni
abessive kummattani kummittani
instructive — —
comitative — kummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kummasi kummasi
accusative nom. kummasi kummasi
gen. kummasi
genitive kummasi kummiesi
kummaisirare
partitive kummaasi kummiasi
inessive kummassasi kummissasi
elative kummastasi kummistasi
illative kummaasi kummiisi
adessive kummallasi kummillasi
ablative kummaltasi kummiltasi
allative kummallesi kummillesi
essive kummanasi kumminasi
translative kummaksesi kummiksesi
abessive kummattasi kummittasi
instructive — —
comitative — kumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kummamme kummamme
accusative nom. kummamme kummamme
gen. kummamme
genitive kummamme kummiemme
kummaimmerare
partitive kummaamme kummiamme
inessive kummassamme kummissamme
elative kummastamme kummistamme
illative kummaamme kummiimme
adessive kummallamme kummillamme
ablative kummaltamme kummiltamme
allative kummallemme kummillemme
essive kummanamme kumminamme
translative kummaksemme kummiksemme
abessive kummattamme kummittamme
instructive — —
comitative — kumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kummanne kummanne
accusative nom. kummanne kummanne
gen. kummanne
genitive kummanne kummienne
kummainnerare
partitive kummaanne kummianne
inessive kummassanne kummissanne
elative kummastanne kummistanne
illative kummaanne kummiinne
adessive kummallanne kummillanne
ablative kummaltanne kummiltanne
allative kummallenne kummillenne
essive kummananne kumminanne
translative kummaksenne kummiksenne
abessive kummattanne kummittanne
instructive — —
comitative — kumminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative kummansa kummansa
accusative nom. kummansa kummansa
gen. kummansa
genitive kummansa kummiensa
kummainsarare
partitive kummaansa kummiaan
kummiansa
inessive kummassaan
kummassansa		 kummissaan
kummissansa
elative kummastaan
kummastansa		 kummistaan
kummistansa
illative kummaansa kummiinsa
adessive kummallaan
kummallansa		 kummillaan
kummillansa
ablative kummaltaan
kummaltansa		 kummiltaan
kummiltansa
allative kummalleen
kummallensa		 kummilleen
kummillensa
essive kummanaan
kummanansa		 kumminaan
kumminansa
translative kummakseen
kummaksensa		 kummikseen
kummiksensa
abessive kummattaan
kummattansa		 kummittaan
kummittansa
instructive — —
comitative — kummineen
kumminensa

Further reading

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumma. Cognates include Finnish kumma and Estonian -kumm.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumː]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ]
  • Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
  • Hyphenation: kum‧ma

Noun

kumma

  1. miracle, wonder
    • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
      „Katso, mi kumma seel ono?“
      Hää hiljaa karhulle saoi.
      „Look, what kind of wonder is there?“
      It quietly asked the bear.

Declension
Declension of kumma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative kumma kummat
genitive kumman kummiin
partitive kummaa kummia
illative kummaa kummii
inessive kummaas kummiis
elative kummast kummist
allative kummalle kummille
adessive kummaal kummiil
ablative kummalt kummilt
translative kummaks kummiks
essive kummanna, kummaan kumminna, kummiin
exessive1) kummant kummint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

References
  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 218

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
  • कुम्म (Devanagari script)
  • কুম্ম (Bengali script)
  • කුම‍්ම (Sinhalese script)
  • ကုမ္မ or ၵုမ္မ or ၵုမ်မ (Burmese script)
  • กุมฺม or กุมมะ (Thai script)
  • ᨠᩩᨾ᩠ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
  • ກຸມ຺ມ or ກຸມມະ (Lao script)
  • កុម្ម (Khmer script)
  • 𑄇𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄟 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrmá).

Noun

kumma m[1]

  1. a tortoise

Declension
Declension table of "kumma" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kummokummā
Accusative (second)kummaṃkumme
Instrumental (third)kummenakummehi or kummebhi
Dative (fourth)kummassa or kummāya or kummatthaṃkummānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kummasmā or kummamhā or kummākummehi or kummebhi
Genitive (sixth)kummassakummānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kummasmiṃ or kummamhi or kummekummesu
Vocative (calling)kummakummā

References
  1. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kūrmá1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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