phaka
Zulu
FWOTD – 29 December 2018
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-páka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʰaːɠa/
Inflection
| Tone H | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ukuphaka | ||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Infinitive | ukuphaka | ukungaphaki | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
| Singular | phaka | -phake | |||||||
| Plural | phakani | -phakeni | |||||||
| Present | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyaphaka, ngiphaka | engiphakayo, engiphaka | ngiphaka | angiphaki | engingaphaki | ngingaphaki | |||
| 2nd singular | uyaphaka, uphaka | ophakayo, ophaka | uphaka | awuphaki | ongaphaki | ungaphaki | |||
| 1st plural | siyaphaka, siphaka | esiphakayo, esiphaka | siphaka | asiphaki | esingaphaki | singaphaki | |||
| 2nd plural | niyaphaka, niphaka | eniphakayo, eniphaka | niphaka | aniphaki | eningaphaki | ningaphaki | |||
| Class 1 | uyaphaka, uphaka | ophakayo, ophaka | ephaka | akaphaki | ongaphaki | engaphaki | |||
| Class 2 | bayaphaka, baphaka | abaphakayo, abaphaka | bephaka | abaphaki | abangaphaki | bengaphaki | |||
| Class 3 | uyaphaka, uphaka | ophakayo, ophaka | uphaka | awuphaki | ongaphaki | ungaphaki | |||
| Class 4 | iyaphaka, iphaka | ephakayo, ephaka | iphaka | ayiphaki | engaphaki | ingaphaki | |||
| Class 5 | liyaphaka, liphaka | eliphakayo, eliphaka | liphaka | aliphaki | elingaphaki | lingaphaki | |||
| Class 6 | ayaphaka, aphaka | aphakayo, aphaka | ephaka | awaphaki | angaphaki | engaphaki | |||
| Class 7 | siyaphaka, siphaka | esiphakayo, esiphaka | siphaka | asiphaki | esingaphaki | singaphaki | |||
| Class 8 | ziyaphaka, ziphaka | eziphakayo, eziphaka | ziphaka | aziphaki | ezingaphaki | zingaphaki | |||
| Class 9 | iyaphaka, iphaka | ephakayo, ephaka | iphaka | ayiphaki | engaphaki | ingaphaki | |||
| Class 10 | ziyaphaka, ziphaka | eziphakayo, eziphaka | ziphaka | aziphaki | ezingaphaki | zingaphaki | |||
| Class 11 | luyaphaka, luphaka | oluphakayo, oluphaka | luphaka | aluphaki | olungaphaki | lungaphaki | |||
| Class 14 | buyaphaka, buphaka | obuphakayo, obuphaka | buphaka | abuphaki | obungaphaki | bungaphaki | |||
| Class 15 | kuyaphaka, kuphaka | okuphakayo, okuphaka | kuphaka | akuphaki | okungaphaki | kungaphaki | |||
| Class 17 | kuyaphaka, kuphaka | okuphakayo, okuphaka | kuphaka | akuphaki | okungaphaki | kungaphaki | |||
| Recent past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiphakile, ngiphakē | engiphakile, engiphakē | ngiphakile, ngiphakē | angiphakanga | engingaphakanga | ngingaphakanga | |||
| 2nd singular | uphakile, uphakē | ophakile, ophakē | uphakile, uphakē | awuphakanga | ongaphakanga | ungaphakanga | |||
| 1st plural | siphakile, siphakē | esiphakile, esiphakē | siphakile, siphakē | asiphakanga | esingaphakanga | singaphakanga | |||
| 2nd plural | niphakile, niphakē | eniphakile, eniphakē | niphakile, niphakē | aniphakanga | eningaphakanga | ningaphakanga | |||
| Class 1 | uphakile, uphakē | ophakile, ophakē | ephakile, ephakē | akaphakanga | ongaphakanga | engaphakanga | |||
| Class 2 | baphakile, baphakē | abaphakile, abaphakē | bephakile, bephakē | abaphakanga | abangaphakanga | bengaphakanga | |||
| Class 3 | uphakile, uphakē | ophakile, ophakē | uphakile, uphakē | awuphakanga | ongaphakanga | ungaphakanga | |||
| Class 4 | iphakile, iphakē | ephakile, ephakē | iphakile, iphakē | ayiphakanga | engaphakanga | ingaphakanga | |||
| Class 5 | liphakile, liphakē | eliphakile, eliphakē | liphakile, liphakē | aliphakanga | elingaphakanga | lingaphakanga | |||
| Class 6 | aphakile, aphakē | aphakile, aphakē | ephakile, ephakē | awaphakanga | angaphakanga | engaphakanga | |||
| Class 7 | siphakile, siphakē | esiphakile, esiphakē | siphakile, siphakē | asiphakanga | esingaphakanga | singaphakanga | |||
| Class 8 | ziphakile, ziphakē | eziphakile, eziphakē | ziphakile, ziphakē | aziphakanga | ezingaphakanga | zingaphakanga | |||
| Class 9 | iphakile, iphakē | ephakile, ephakē | iphakile, iphakē | ayiphakanga | engaphakanga | ingaphakanga | |||
| Class 10 | ziphakile, ziphakē | eziphakile, eziphakē | ziphakile, ziphakē | aziphakanga | ezingaphakanga | zingaphakanga | |||
| Class 11 | luphakile, luphakē | oluphakile, oluphakē | luphakile, luphakē | aluphakanga | olungaphakanga | lungaphakanga | |||
| Class 14 | buphakile, buphakē | obuphakile, obuphakē | buphakile, buphakē | abuphakanga | obungaphakanga | bungaphakanga | |||
| Class 15 | kuphakile, kuphakē | okuphakile, okuphakē | kuphakile, kuphakē | akuphakanga | okungaphakanga | kungaphakanga | |||
| Class 17 | kuphakile, kuphakē | okuphakile, okuphakē | kuphakile, kuphakē | akuphakanga | okungaphakanga | kungaphakanga | |||
| Remote past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngāphaka | engāphaka | ngāphaka | angiphakanga | engingaphakanga | ngingaphakanga | |||
| 2nd singular | wāphaka | owāphaka | wāphaka | awuphakanga | ongaphakanga | ungaphakanga | |||
| 1st plural | sāphaka | esāphaka | sāphaka | asiphakanga | esingaphakanga | singaphakanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nāphaka | enāphaka | nāphaka | aniphakanga | eningaphakanga | ningaphakanga | |||
| Class 1 | wāphaka | owāphaka | āphaka | akaphakanga | ongaphakanga | engaphakanga | |||
| Class 2 | bāphaka | abāphaka | bāphaka | abaphakanga | abangaphakanga | bengaphakanga | |||
| Class 3 | wāphaka | owāphaka | wāphaka | awuphakanga | ongaphakanga | ungaphakanga | |||
| Class 4 | yāphaka | eyāphaka | yāphaka | ayiphakanga | engaphakanga | ingaphakanga | |||
| Class 5 | lāphaka | elāphaka | lāphaka | aliphakanga | elingaphakanga | lingaphakanga | |||
| Class 6 | āphaka | āphaka | āphaka | awaphakanga | angaphakanga | engaphakanga | |||
| Class 7 | sāphaka | esāphaka | sāphaka | asiphakanga | esingaphakanga | singaphakanga | |||
| Class 8 | zāphaka | ezāphaka | zāphaka | aziphakanga | ezingaphakanga | zingaphakanga | |||
| Class 9 | yāphaka | eyāphaka | yāphaka | ayiphakanga | engaphakanga | ingaphakanga | |||
| Class 10 | zāphaka | ezāphaka | zāphaka | aziphakanga | ezingaphakanga | zingaphakanga | |||
| Class 11 | lwāphaka | olwāphaka | lwāphaka | aluphakanga | olungaphakanga | lungaphakanga | |||
| Class 14 | bāphaka | obāphaka | bāphaka | abuphakanga | obungaphakanga | bungaphakanga | |||
| Class 15 | kwāphaka | okwāphaka | kwāphaka | akuphakanga | okungaphakanga | kungaphakanga | |||
| Class 17 | kwāphaka | okwāphaka | kwāphaka | akuphakanga | okungaphakanga | kungaphakanga | |||
| Potential | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngingaphaka | — | ngingaphaka | ngingephake | — | ngingephake | |||
| 2nd singular | ungaphaka | — | ungaphaka | ungephake | — | ungephake | |||
| 1st plural | singaphaka | — | singaphaka | singephake | — | singephake | |||
| 2nd plural | ningaphaka | — | ningaphaka | ningephake | — | ningephake | |||
| Class 1 | angaphaka | — | engaphaka | angephake | — | engephake | |||
| Class 2 | bangaphaka | — | bengaphaka | bangephake | — | bengephake | |||
| Class 3 | ungaphaka | — | ungaphaka | ungephake | — | ungephake | |||
| Class 4 | ingaphaka | — | ingaphaka | ingephake | — | ingephake | |||
| Class 5 | lingaphaka | — | lingaphaka | lingephake | — | lingephake | |||
| Class 6 | angaphaka | — | engaphaka | angephake | — | engephake | |||
| Class 7 | singaphaka | — | singaphaka | singephake | — | singephake | |||
| Class 8 | zingaphaka | — | zingaphaka | zingephake | — | zingephake | |||
| Class 9 | ingaphaka | — | ingaphaka | ingephake | — | ingephake | |||
| Class 10 | zingaphaka | — | zingaphaka | zingephake | — | zingephake | |||
| Class 11 | lungaphaka | — | lungaphaka | lungephake | — | lungephake | |||
| Class 14 | bungaphaka | — | bungaphaka | bungephake | — | bungephake | |||
| Class 15 | kungaphaka | — | kungaphaka | kungephake | — | kungephake | |||
| Class 17 | kungaphaka | — | kungaphaka | kungephake | — | kungephake | |||
| Immediate future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngizophaka | engizophaka | ngizophaka | angizuphaka | engingezuphaka | ngingezuphaka | |||
| 2nd singular | uzophaka | ozophaka | uzophaka | awuzuphaka | ongezuphaka | ungezuphaka | |||
| 1st plural | sizophaka | esizophaka | sizophaka | asizuphaka | esingezuphaka | singezuphaka | |||
| 2nd plural | nizophaka | enizophaka | nizophaka | anizuphaka | eningezuphaka | ningezuphaka | |||
| Class 1 | uzophaka | ozophaka | ezophaka | akazuphaka | ongezuphaka | engezuphaka | |||
| Class 2 | bazophaka | abazophaka | bezophaka | abazuphaka | abangezuphaka | bengezuphaka | |||
| Class 3 | uzophaka | ozophaka | uzophaka | awuzuphaka | ongezuphaka | ungezuphaka | |||
| Class 4 | izophaka | ezophaka | izophaka | ayizuphaka | engezuphaka | ingezuphaka | |||
| Class 5 | lizophaka | elizophaka | lizophaka | alizuphaka | elingezuphaka | lingezuphaka | |||
| Class 6 | azophaka | azophaka | ezophaka | awazuphaka | angezuphaka | engezuphaka | |||
| Class 7 | sizophaka | esizophaka | sizophaka | asizuphaka | esingezuphaka | singezuphaka | |||
| Class 8 | zizophaka | ezizophaka | zizophaka | azizuphaka | ezingezuphaka | zingezuphaka | |||
| Class 9 | izophaka | ezophaka | izophaka | ayizuphaka | engezuphaka | ingezuphaka | |||
| Class 10 | zizophaka | ezizophaka | zizophaka | azizuphaka | ezingezuphaka | zingezuphaka | |||
| Class 11 | luzophaka | oluzophaka | luzophaka | aluzuphaka | olungezuphaka | lungezuphaka | |||
| Class 14 | buzophaka | obuzophaka | buzophaka | abuzuphaka | obungezuphaka | bungezuphaka | |||
| Class 15 | kuzophaka | okuzophaka | kuzophaka | akuzuphaka | okungezuphaka | kungezuphaka | |||
| Class 17 | kuzophaka | okuzophaka | kuzophaka | akuzuphaka | okungezuphaka | kungezuphaka | |||
| Remote future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyophaka | engiyophaka | ngiyophaka | angiyuphaka | engingeyuphaka | ngingeyuphaka | |||
| 2nd singular | uyophaka | oyophaka | uyophaka | awuyuphaka | ongeyuphaka | ungeyuphaka | |||
| 1st plural | siyophaka | esiyophaka | siyophaka | asiyuphaka | esingeyuphaka | singeyuphaka | |||
| 2nd plural | niyophaka | eniyophaka | niyophaka | aniyuphaka | eningeyuphaka | ningeyuphaka | |||
| Class 1 | uyophaka | oyophaka | eyophaka | akayuphaka | ongeyuphaka | engeyuphaka | |||
| Class 2 | bayophaka | abayophaka | beyophaka | abayuphaka | abangeyuphaka | bengeyuphaka | |||
| Class 3 | uyophaka | oyophaka | uyophaka | awuyuphaka | ongeyuphaka | ungeyuphaka | |||
| Class 4 | iyophaka | eyophaka | iyophaka | ayiyuphaka | engeyuphaka | ingeyuphaka | |||
| Class 5 | liyophaka | eliyophaka | liyophaka | aliyuphaka | elingeyuphaka | lingeyuphaka | |||
| Class 6 | ayophaka | ayophaka | eyophaka | awayuphaka | angeyuphaka | engeyuphaka | |||
| Class 7 | siyophaka | esiyophaka | siyophaka | asiyuphaka | esingeyuphaka | singeyuphaka | |||
| Class 8 | ziyophaka | eziyophaka | ziyophaka | aziyuphaka | ezingeyuphaka | zingeyuphaka | |||
| Class 9 | iyophaka | eyophaka | iyophaka | ayiyuphaka | engeyuphaka | ingeyuphaka | |||
| Class 10 | ziyophaka | eziyophaka | ziyophaka | aziyuphaka | ezingeyuphaka | zingeyuphaka | |||
| Class 11 | luyophaka | oluyophaka | luyophaka | aluyuphaka | olungeyuphaka | lungeyuphaka | |||
| Class 14 | buyophaka | obuyophaka | buyophaka | abuyuphaka | obungeyuphaka | bungeyuphaka | |||
| Class 15 | kuyophaka | okuyophaka | kuyophaka | akuyuphaka | okungeyuphaka | kungeyuphaka | |||
| Class 17 | kuyophaka | okuyophaka | kuyophaka | akuyuphaka | okungeyuphaka | kungeyuphaka | |||
| Present subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngiphake | ngingaphaki | |||||||
| 2nd singular | uphake | ungaphaki | |||||||
| 1st plural | siphake | singaphaki | |||||||
| 2nd plural | niphake | ningaphaki | |||||||
| Class 1 | aphake | angaphaki | |||||||
| Class 2 | baphake | bangaphaki | |||||||
| Class 3 | uphake | ungaphaki | |||||||
| Class 4 | iphake | ingaphaki | |||||||
| Class 5 | liphake | lingaphaki | |||||||
| Class 6 | aphake | angaphaki | |||||||
| Class 7 | siphake | singaphaki | |||||||
| Class 8 | ziphake | zingaphaki | |||||||
| Class 9 | iphake | ingaphaki | |||||||
| Class 10 | ziphake | zingaphaki | |||||||
| Class 11 | luphake | lungaphaki | |||||||
| Class 14 | buphake | bungaphaki | |||||||
| Class 15 | kuphake | kungaphaki | |||||||
| Class 17 | kuphake | kungaphaki | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngaphaka | ngangaphaka, angaphaka, angangaphaka | |||||||
| 2nd singular | waphaka | wangaphaka, awaphaka, awangaphaka | |||||||
| 1st plural | saphaka | sangaphaka, asaphaka, asangaphaka | |||||||
| 2nd plural | naphaka | nangaphaka, anaphaka, anangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 1 | waphaka | wangaphaka, akaphaka, akangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 2 | baphaka | bangaphaka, abaphaka, abangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 3 | waphaka | wangaphaka, awaphaka, awangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 4 | yaphaka | yangaphaka, ayaphaka, ayangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 5 | laphaka | langaphaka, alaphaka, alangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 6 | aphaka | angaphaka, awaphaka, awangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 7 | saphaka | sangaphaka, asaphaka, asangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 8 | zaphaka | zangaphaka, azaphaka, azangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 9 | yaphaka | yangaphaka, ayaphaka, ayangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 10 | zaphaka | zangaphaka, azaphaka, azangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 11 | lwaphaka | lwangaphaka, alwaphaka, alwangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 14 | baphaka | bangaphaka, abaphaka, abangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 15 | kwaphaka | kwangaphaka, akwaphaka, akwangaphaka | |||||||
| Class 17 | kwaphaka | kwangaphaka, akwaphaka, akwangaphaka | |||||||
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “phaka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phaka (3.9)”
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