skulu
Icelandic
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value), skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskʏːlʏ/
- Rhymes: -ʏːlʏ
Verb
skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)
- shall, must
- Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
- Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka.
- If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.
- Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka.
- Einar Benediktsson
- Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.
- Exercise caution in the presence of a soul.
- Þú skalt ekki taka bílinn minn!
- You shall not take my car!
- Þú skalt ekki morð fremja.
- Thou shalt not kill.
- Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
- to need
- (an emphatic verb) to will!
- Þú skalt sjá!
- You will see!
- to will
- Ég skal svara símanum.
- I'll pick up the phone.
- (encouragement) let us, shall
- Við skulum fara í bíó.
- Let's go to the movies.
Conjugation
skulu — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að skulu | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past infinitive (nafnháttur þátíð) |
skyldu | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég skal | við skulum | present (nútíð) |
ég skuli | við skulum |
| þú skalt | þið skuluð | þú skulir | þið skulið | ||
| hann, hún, það skal | þeir, þær, þau skulu | hann, hún, það skuli | þeir, þær, þau skuli | ||
| past (þátíð) |
-- | -- | past (þátíð) |
ég skyldi | við skyldum |
| -- | -- | þú skyldir | þið skylduð | ||
| -- | -- | hann, hún, það skyldi | þeir, þær, þau skyldu | ||
| Note that the indicative past forms do not exist and that this verb only exists in the active, with no past participle. | |||||
Derived terms
Old Norse
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall).
Verb
skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)
Usage notes
- When auxiliary to copulae, the copula may be left out.
- Along with only two other verbs (munu and vilja), Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) has a special past tense infinitive. It is equal to the third person plural past tense skyldu. This rare form is mostly used when the verb of the main clause also is in the past tense.
Conjugation
Conjugation of skulu (preterite-present)
| infinitive | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | skulandi | |
| past participle | – | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skal | skylda |
| 2nd-person singular | skalt | skyldir |
| 3rd-person singular | skal | skyldi |
| 1st-person plural | skulum | skyldum |
| 2nd-person plural | skuluð | skylduð |
| 3rd-person plural | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | skyldu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | skula, skyla | skylda |
| 2nd-person singular | skulir, skylir | skyldir |
| 3rd-person singular | skuli, skyli | skyldi |
| 1st-person plural | skulim, skylim | skyldim |
| 2nd-person plural | skulið, skylið | skyldið |
| 3rd-person plural | skuli, skyli | skyldi |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | skul | |
| 1st-person plural | skulum | |
| 2nd-person plural | skuluð | |
Descendants
References
- “skulu”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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