snḏ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /siˈnicʼ/ → /siˈnitʼ/ → /səˈnetʼ/ → /səˈnetʼ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛnɛd͡ʒ/
- Conventional anglicization: senedj

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to be(come) afraid (+ n, ḥr, r, or m: of; to fear)
(intransitive, with n) to respect, to revere; to hold in respect, awe, or reverence
(transitive) to be afraid (to do something)

Inflection

Conjugation of snḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: snḏ, geminated stem: snḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	snḏt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr snḏ	m snḏ	r snḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	snḏ.n	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	consecutive	snḏ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	snḏ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	snḏt
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	snḏ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	snḏ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	snḏḏ	potentialis¹	snḏ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³		active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	snḏ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	—	snḏtj⁴, snḏt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁⲧ (snat)

Noun

m

Alternative form of snḏw (“fear”)

Inflection

Declension of snḏ (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	snḏwj
plural	snḏw

References

“snḏ (lemma ID 138730)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 182.2–183.3
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 171, 276, 359.

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