tm

See also: TM, Tm, .tm, t/m, and ™

Chinese

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tāmā

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄚㄇㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tāmā
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚㄇㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tama
  - Wade–Giles: tʻa¹-ma¹
  - Yale: tā-mā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tamha
  - Palladius: тама (tama)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵⁵ mä⁵⁵/

Phrase

tm

Initialism of 他媽／他妈 (tāmā).

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare with Hebrew תַּם‎ (tam, “to be complete, finished”), Arabic تمام‎ (tamām, “complete; completeness”).

Pronunciation

(proper noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈtaːmuw/ → /jaˈtaːmuw/ → /ʔaˈtaːmə/ → /ʔaˈtoːm/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛm/
- Conventional anglicization: tem

Verb

2-lit.

(intransitive) to be complete
(transitive) to complete, to finish
(catenative, with a verb in the negatival complement) to not do, to not be

Inflection

Conjugation of tm (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: tm, geminated stem: tmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	tmt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr tm	m tm	r tm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	tm.n	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	consecutive	tm.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	tm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	tmt
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	tm.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	tm.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	tmm	potentialis¹	tm.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³		active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	tm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	—	tmtj⁴, tmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

tꜣ-tmw

Noun

m

everything, totality, completion

Inflection

Declension of tm (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	tmwj
plural	tmw

Derived terms

nb-tm

Proper noun

m

the god Atum

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Based on the forms jtm and tmw, some authors interpret the god’s name as jtmw, a noun of action derived from the verb tm (“to finish, complete”), thus literally meaning ‘the finisher’; however, the most common writings of the name only explicitly show the consonants tm.

Derived terms

pr-tm
ḥr-m-ꜣḫt-ḫprj-rꜥ-tm

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 147, 174, 220.

Schenkel, Wolfgang (2005) “Die ägyptische Nominalbildungslehre und die Realität der hieroglyphischen Graphien der Sargtexte: Die Nominalbildungsklassen A I 5 und A I 6” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 13, page 147

Turkish

Phrase

tm

(text messaging) Initialism of tamam (“okay”).

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[1] Schenkel, Wolfgang (2005) “Die ägyptische Nominalbildungslehre und die Realität der hieroglyphischen Graphien der Sargtexte: Die Nominalbildungsklassen A I 5 und A I 6” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 13, page 147