znf

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ʒin- with an uncertain suffix -f, according to Orel and Stolbova’s very tentative reconstruction.[1] If so, perhaps cognate with West Chadic *ʒin- (“blood”), whence Hausa jini.

Pronunciation

(noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /zVˈnaf/ → /sVˈnaf/ → /səˈnaf/ → /səˈnaf/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛnɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: zenef

Noun

m

blood

Inflection

Declension of znf (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	znfwj
plural	znfw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Descendants

Demotic: ⁠⁠ (snf)
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁϥ (snaf)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁϥ (snaf), ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁϥ (snaf)
- Old Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟⲃ (snob)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof), ⲥⲛⲟⲃ (snob)

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to bleed

Inflection

Conjugation of znf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: znf, geminated stem: znff

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	znft	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr znf	m znf	r znf

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	znf.n	consecutive	znf.jn
terminative	znft	consecutive	znf.jn
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	obligative¹	znf.ḫr
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	obligative¹	znf.ḫr
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	potentialis¹	znf.kꜣ
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	potentialis¹	znf.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	znf.n	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	znftj⁴, znft⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 459.2–459.15
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 232

Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*ʒin-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 2626, page 546

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[1] Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*ʒin-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 2626, page 546