श्याम

See also: श्यामा

Hindi

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श्याम • (śyām) (indeclinable)

black (color)
Synonyms: काला (kālā), कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), साँवला (sā̃vlā), श्यामला (śyāmlā)

Alternative scripts

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-mó-s (“black, dark”), from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀‎ (sāma, “black”), Lithuanian šė̃mas (“blue-grey”). Compare also श्याव (śyāvá, “dark-brown, brown, dark-coloured, dark”).

श्याम • (śyāmá) stem

black, dark-coloured, dark blue or brown or grey or green, sable, having a dark or swarthy complexion (considered a mark of beauty)
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 8.1.9:
  श्यामश्च त्वा मा शबलश्च प्रेषितौ यमस्य यौ पथिरक्षी श्वानौ ।
  śyāmaśca tvā mā śabalaśca preṣitau yamasya yau pathirakṣī śvānau .
  Let neither the black dog or the brown dog seize thee; those two warders of the way sent forth by Yama.

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Feminine ā-stem declension of श्यामा (śyāmā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्यामा śyāmā́	श्यामे śyāmé	श्यामाः śyāmā́ḥ
Vocative	श्यामे śyā́me	श्यामे śyā́me	श्यामाः śyā́māḥ
Accusative	श्यामाम् śyāmā́m	श्यामे śyāmé	श्यामाः śyāmā́ḥ
Instrumental	श्यामया / श्यामा¹ śyāmáyā / śyāmā́¹	श्यामाभ्याम् śyāmā́bhyām	श्यामाभिः śyāmā́bhiḥ
Dative	श्यामायै śyāmā́yai	श्यामाभ्याम् śyāmā́bhyām	श्यामाभ्यः śyāmā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	श्यामायाः śyāmā́yāḥ	श्यामाभ्याम् śyāmā́bhyām	श्यामाभ्यः śyāmā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	श्यामायाः śyāmā́yāḥ	श्यामयोः śyāmáyoḥ	श्यामानाम् śyāmā́nām
Locative	श्यामायाम् śyāmā́yām	श्यामयोः śyāmáyoḥ	श्यामासु śyāmā́su
Notes	¹Vedic

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श्याम • (śyāmá) stem, m

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Monier Williams (1899), “श्याम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1094.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 661

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सफ़ेद (safed), श्वेत (śvet)	धूसर (dhūsar), छाई (chāī)	काला (kālā), Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
लाल (lāl), सुर्ख़ (surx); गहरा लाल (gahrā lāl), क़िरमिज़ी (qirmizī)	नारंगी (nāraṅgī), माल्टा (mālṭā); भूरा (bhūrā)	पीला (pīlā); मलाई (malāī)
नींबू (nīmbū), सुगा पंछी (sugā pañchī)	हरा (harā)
फ़िरोज़ी (firozī)	आसमानी (āsmānī)	नीला (nīlā), नील (nīl)
जामुनी (jāmunī); नील (nīl)	रानी (rānī); बैंगनी (baiṅgnī), जामुनी (jāmunī)	गुलाबी (gulābī)

श्वेत (śveta)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa), काल (kāla)
रोहित (rohita)	कद्रु (kadru), पिशङ्ग (piśaṅga), पिङ्गल (piṅgala)	पिङ्ग (piṅga); पाण्डु (pāṇḍu)
	हरित् (harit)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
		नील (nīla)
	नीललोहित (nīlalohita)