嘲笑

Chinese
to ridicule; ridicule; mock laugh; smile
trad. (嘲笑) 嘲 笑
simp. #(嘲笑) 嘲 笑

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 嘲 笑
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 肴 (90) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 陟交切 私妙切
Baxter traew sjewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈˠau/ /siᴇuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈᵚau/ /siɛuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶau/ /sjæuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈaɨw/ /siawH/
Li
Rong		 /ȶau/ /siɛuH/
Wang
Li		 /ȶau/ /sĭɛuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶau/ /si̯ɛuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhāo xiào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zaau1 siu3

Verb

嘲笑

  1. (transitive) to laugh at; to deride; to jeer; to mock; to ridicule
    我們沒資格嘲笑他。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们没资格嘲笑他。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen méi zīgé cháoxiào tā. [Pinyin]
    We have no right to laugh at him.

Synonyms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
嘲 笑
ちょう
Grade: S		 しょう
Grade: 4
goon on’yomi
Alternative spelling
調笑 (rare)

Etymology

/teuseu/ → */t͡ɕeuɕeu/ → /t͡ɕʲoːɕʲoː/ → /t͡ɕoːɕoː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 嘲笑 (MC traew sjewH). First attested in Japanese in a work from 1794.[1]

Also analyzable as a shift in reading from the native-Japanese derived kun'yomi to the Chinese-derived on'yomi, of the largely homographic native Japanese synonyms 嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau) or 嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau).

Pronunciation

Noun

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう) • (chōshō) ←てうせう (teuseu)?

  1. [from 1794] a sneer
  2. [from 1794] ridicule

Verb

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)する • (chōshō suru) ←てうせう (teuseu)?transitive suru (stem 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)し (chōshō shi), past 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)した (chōshō shita))

  1. [from 1794] to sneer at something
  2. [from 1794] to ridicule something

Conjugation
Conjugation of "嘲笑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 嘲笑し ちょうしょうし chōshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 嘲笑し ちょうしょうし chōshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 嘲笑する ちょうしょうする chōshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 嘲笑する ちょうしょうする chōshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 嘲笑すれ ちょうしょうすれ chōshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 嘲笑せよ¹
嘲笑しろ²		 ちょうしょうせよ¹
ちょうしょうしろ²		 chōshō seyo¹
chōshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 嘲笑される ちょうしょうされる chōshō sareru
Causative 嘲笑させる
嘲笑さす		 ちょうしょうさせる
ちょうしょうさす		 chōshō saseru
chōshō sasu
Potential 嘲笑できる ちょうしょうできる chōshō dekiru
Volitional 嘲笑しよう ちょうしょうしよう chōshō shiyō
Negative 嘲笑しない ちょうしょうしない chōshō shinai
Negative continuative 嘲笑せず ちょうしょうせず chōshō sezu
Formal 嘲笑します ちょうしょうします chōshō shimasu
Perfective 嘲笑した ちょうしょうした chōshō shita
Conjunctive 嘲笑して ちょうしょうして chōshō shite
Hypothetical conditional 嘲笑すれば ちょうしょうすれば chōshō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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