< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/medvědь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *medwḗˀdis (originally probably a consonant stem *medwēˀd-, later reformed into an i-stem based on the accusative in *-in, as typical in Balto-Slavic), equivalent to *medъ (“honey”) +‎ *(j)ěsti (“to eat”), hence literally the epithet "honey-eater". Cognate with Sanskrit मध्वद् (madhv-ád-, “eating sweetness”) (RV I 164,22). Presumably came into use as taboo avoidance of an earlier word, possibly something like *rьstъ (compare Lithuanian irštvà (“bear's den”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos). Similar proposed examples of linguistic taboo for 'bear' are Proto-Germanic *berô (“the brown one”), Latvian lācis (“stomper, pounder”), Sanskrit भल्ल (bhalla) and Old Irish math (“the good one”).

There is a false etymology from *medъ and *věděti (“to know, to manage”), hence "one who knows honey" or "honey master".

Noun

*medvě̀dь m[1][2]

  1. bear

Declension

Reconstructed as a jo-stem in Derksen 2008, since no descendants reflect an i-stem. But may have originally been an i-stem based on the lack of iotation of the final *d. Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Descendants
  • Non-Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*medvědь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 65
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “медве́д”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 710
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “медве́дь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 519
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “медве́дь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*medvě̀dь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 306: “m. jo (a) ‘bear’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “medvědь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
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