中原

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Zhōngyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥㄩㄢˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җунйүан (žunyüan, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ jyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chûng-ngièn / Chûng-ngiàn
Min Dong (BUC): Dṳ̆ng-nguòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Tiong-goân

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹ nguêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongyuán
  - Wade–Giles: Chung¹-yüan²
  - Yale: Jūng-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jongyuan
  - Palladius: Чжунъюань (Čžunʺjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җунйүан (žunyüan, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹ jyun⁴
  - Yale: jūng yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´ ngienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ɲi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´ ngianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ɲi̯an¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dṳ̆ng-nguòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-goân
  - Tâi-lô: Tiong-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dionggoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong¹ nguêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong nguêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: trjuwng ngjwon

Rime
Character	中	原
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟弓切	愚袁切
Baxter	trjuwng	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ N-ɢʷar/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ ŋʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	原
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ ngjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*N-ɢʷar/
English	center	high plain (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	原
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	16186
Phonetic component	中	原
Rime group	終	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	中	元
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*ŋʷan/
Notes		金文象泉源，爲源初文

Proper noun

中原

the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)
- 若以君之靈，得反晉國，晉楚治兵，遇於中原，其辟君三舍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟君三舍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Ruò yǐ jūn zhī líng, dé fǎn Jìn guó, Jìn Chǔ zhì bīng, yù yú zhōngyuán, qí bì jūn sān shè. [Pinyin]
  If by your lordship's powerful influence I shall recover the State of Jin, should Chu and Jin go to war and meet in the plain of the Middle Land, I will withdraw from your lordship three stages [each of 30 li].
- 今南方已定，兵甲已足，當獎率三軍，北定中原。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 227, Zhuge Liang, 出師表
  Jīn nánfāng yǐ dìng, bīngjiǎ yǐ zú, dāng jiǎng shuài sānjūn, běi dìng Zhōngyuán. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
China
(literary) middle of a plain
- 中原有菽，庶民采之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zhōngyuán yǒu shū, shùmín cǎi zhī. [Pinyin]
  In the midst of the plain there is pulse,
  And the common people gather it.
(～區) Zhongyuan (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)
(～街道) Zhongyuan (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

Synonyms

(the Central Plain): (archaic) 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó), 中土 (Zhōngtǔ), 中州 (Zhōngzhōu)
(China):

中 (abbreviation)
中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
猜拿 (transliteration of English China)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
華／华 (abbreviation)
華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

Derived terms

中原大戰／中原大战 (Zhōngyuán Dàzhàn)
中原官話／中原官话 (Zhōngyuán guānhuà)
中原板蕩／中原板荡
中原標準時間／中原标准时间
中原逐鹿
中原音韻／中原音韵 (Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn)
逐鹿中原 (zhúlùzhōngyuán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (中原):

→ Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
→ Korean: 중원(中原) (Jung'won)
→ Vietnamese: Trung Nguyên (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Others:

→ English: Central Plain, Zhongyuan
→ Zhuang: Cunghyenz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
中	原
なか Grade: 1	はら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Proper noun

中(なか)原(はら) • (Nakahara)

a surname

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