辟

辟 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口卜廿十 (SRYTJ), four-corner 7064₁, composition ⿰𡰪辛)

• 僻, 噼, 壀, 𢕾, 𫻏, 擗, 澼, 𤢣, 隦, 檘, 㱸, 𤐙, 𤖟, 𤗺, 䑀, 䁹, 礔, 𧞃, 䌟(𦈞), 𧓄, 𧲉, 躃, 䡶(𬨔), 鐴(𬭽), 𩪧, 𩼎, 𪇊, 避, 𧾑, 鸊(䴙)
• 𠒱, 劈, 𠮃, 䢃, 壁, 嬖, 孹, 幦, 𨐢, 𢐦, 𠙮, 憵, 擘, 檗, 𣦢, 𣩩, 㵨, 𤩹, 臂, 𨐨, 𠙱, 𨐯, 𨐬, 璧, 甓, 𤴣, 礕, 𨐴, 糪, 繴, 𦡜, 襞, 譬, 躄, 鐾, 𩁊, 𨐽, 𩼢, 鷿(𬸯), 𧲜, 鼊(𱌉)
• 𫴎, 㠔, 薜, 𦌠, 𥴬, 霹, 𠪮, 廦, 癖, 闢(𰿾), 𨐧, 𦡍, 𡦯

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38642
• Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4037, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8F9F

In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish.

〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed:

• Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”.
• Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead.
• Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning.

〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law.

In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010).

Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.

辟

1. (literary) monarch; sovereign

   • 惟辟作福，惟辟作威，惟辟玉食。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Wéi bì zuòfú, wéi bì zuòwēi, wéi bì yùshí. [Pinyin]

     It belongs only to the sovereign to confer dignities and rewards, to display the terrors of majesty, and to receive the revenues (of the kingdom).

2. (literary) government official; minister
3. (literary) to rule; to govern
4. (literary) crime
5. to summon; to appoint to an official position
6. to remove; to drive out
7. (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge

   alt. forms: 避 (bì)

   • 若以君之靈，得反晉國，晉楚治兵，遇於中原，其辟君三舍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟君三舍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Ruò yǐ jūn zhī líng, dé fǎn Jìn guó, Jìn Chǔ zhì bīng, yù yú zhōngyuán, qí bì jūn sān shè. [Pinyin]

     If by your lordship's powerful influence I shall recover the State of Jin, should Chu and Jin go to war and meet in the plain of the Middle Land, I will withdraw from your lordship three stages [each of 30 li].

   • 儒有內稱不辟親，外舉不辟怨。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     儒有内称不辟亲，外举不辟怨。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Rú yǒu nèi chēng bù bì qīn, wài jǔ bù bì yuàn. [Pinyin]

     The scholar recommends members of his own family (to public employment), without shrinking from doing so, because of their kinship.

8. (literary) lame in the leg

   alt. forms: 躄 (bì)

辟

1. (literary) law; (specifically) penal code

   • 夏有亂政而作《禹刑》，商有亂政而作《湯刑》，周有亂政而作《九刑》。三辟之興，皆叔世也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夏有乱政而作《禹刑》，商有乱政而作《汤刑》，周有乱政而作《九刑》。三辟之兴，皆叔世也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Xià yǒu luànzhèng ér zuò “Yǔ xíng”, Shāng yǒu luànzhèng ér zuò “Tāng xíng”, Zhōu yǒu luànzhèng ér zuò “Jiǔxíng”. Sān pì zhī xīng, jiē shūshì yě. [Pinyin]

     When the government of Xia had fallen into disorder, the penal code of Yu was made; under the same circumstances of Shang, the penal code of Tang; and in Zhou, the code of the nine punishments:—those three codes all originated in ages of decay.

2. to open

   alt. forms: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

   • 使鉏麑賊之，晨往，則寢門辟矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     使锄麑贼之，晨往，则寝门辟矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Shǐ Chú Ní zéi zhī, chén wǎng, zé qǐnmén pì yǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. to open up

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   • 欲辟土地，朝秦楚，蒞中國而撫四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě. [Pinyin]

     You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.

4. (literary) to make an analogy

   alt. forms: 譬 (pì)

   • 是過者也，過猶不及也；辟之是猶立直木而求其景之枉也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是过者也，过犹不及也；辟之是犹立直木而求其景之枉也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Shì guò zhě yě, guò yóu bùjí yě; pì zhī shì yóu lì zhí mù ér qiú qí yǐng zhī wǎng yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (literary) to thump one's chest

   alt. forms: 擗 (pǐ)

6. (literary) to show bias; to be partial

   • 所謂齊其家在修其身者：人之其所親愛而辟焉，之其所賤惡而辟焉，之其所畏敬而辟焉，之其所哀矜而辟焉，之其所敖惰而辟焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     所谓齐其家在修其身者：人之其所亲爱而辟焉，之其所贱恶而辟焉，之其所畏敬而辟焉，之其所哀矜而辟焉，之其所敖惰而辟焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Suǒwèi qí qí jiā zài xiū qí shēn zhě: rén zhī qí suǒ qīn'ài ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ jiànwù ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ wèi jìng ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ āijīn ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ áoduò ér pì yān. [Pinyin]

     What is meant by "The regulation of one's family depends on the cultivation of his person is this:-men are partial where they feel affection and love; partial where they despise and dislike; partial where they stand in awe and reverence; partial where they feel sorrow and compassion; partial where they are arrogant and rude.

7. (literary) remote

   alt. forms: 僻

   • 今夫蜀，西辟之國，而戎狄之長也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今夫蜀，西辟之国，而戎狄之长也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Jīn fú Shǔ, xī pì zhī guó, ér róngdí zhī zhǎng yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

8. (literary) eccentric; perverted

   alt. forms: 僻

   • 柴也愚，參也魯，師也辟，由也喭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也喭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Chái yě yú, Cān yě lǔ, Shī yě pì, Yóu yě yàn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 命市納賈，以觀民之所好惡，志淫好辟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     命市纳贾，以观民之所好恶，志淫好辟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Mìng shì nà jià, yǐ guān mín zhī suǒ hàowù, zhì yín hào pì. [Pinyin]

     [O]rdered the superintendents of markets to present (lists of prices), that he might see what the people liked and disliked, and whether they were set on extravagance and loved what was bad.

9. (literary) a tool for catching animals

   alt. forms: 繴 (bì)

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(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)

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辟: Hán Nôm readings: vếch, tích, bích, thịch, tịch, phích, thí

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