Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/b-ləj

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *blyid (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-ləy (Matisoff, STEDT); *b-ləy, *b-liy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987); *b-liy (LaPolla, 1987; Benedict, 1972)

Numeral

*b-ləj

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	ʔit kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-k-ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	gip ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*m-kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-tawŋ

four

Descendants

Chepangic:
- Chepang: प्‍लय्‌ (pləy-), प्‍लय्‌ज्‍योः (pləy.jyoʔ)
Old Chinese: 四 /*s.li(j)-s/ (B-S), /*hljids/ (ZS) (“four”)
(in the oracle bone script)
- Middle Chinese: 四 /siɪH/
  → Japanese: 四 (し, shi)
  Korean: 사 (四, sa)
  Vietnamese: tứ (四)
  - Mandarin:
    - Beijing: 四 (sì) /sz̩⁵¹/
  - Cantonese:
    - Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 四 (sei3, si3) /sei³³/, /ɕiː³³/
  - Wu:
    - Shanghainese: 四 (⁵sy) /sz̩³⁴/
- Min:
  - Coastal Min:
    - Min Nan:
      - Hokkien:
        Taiwan: 四 /ɕi³¹/ (colloquial), /su³¹/ (literary)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodish
    - Tibetic
      - Sikkimese: ཞི (zhi, “four”)
      - Written Tibetan: བཞི (bzhi, “four”)
Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho
  - Jingpho [Kachin]: mali (“four”)
Proto-Karen: *lwiᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: လွံၢ် (lwee̱)
- Western Pwo: လံ
- Western Kayah: ꤜꤝꤟꤤ꤭ (lwī̤)
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *b/ʔ-ləj² (“four”)
  - Burmish
    - Burmese: လေး (le:, “four”)
  - Proto-Loloish: *b-le² (“four”)
    - Northern Loloish
      - Yi (Liangshan): ꇖ (ly, “four”)
Nungish:
- Trung/Drung/Dulong: vbli
Sal:
- Bodo-Koch:
  - Bodo-Garo:
    - Atong (India): byryi
    - Dimasa: biri
    - Garo: bri
    - Kokborok: brwi
Tangut-Qiang
- Northern Tangut
  - Tangut: 𗥃 (*ljɨr¹, “four”)

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